Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation that seeks to sow the seeds of doubt on targeted individuals or targeted group members, making them question their own memory, perceptions, and sanity. By using continuous denial, heresy, contradictions, and lies, he seeks to disrupt targets and delegitimize target beliefs.
Examples may range from a rejection by the perpetrator that an earlier violation incident has occurred to the staging of an odd occurrence by the perpetrator in order to embarrass the victim. This term originated from 1938 Patrick Hamilton playing Light Gas and the adaptation of films 1940 and 1944. This term has been used in clinical and research literature, as well as in political commentary.
Video Gaslighting
Etimologi
The term stems from the systematic psychological manipulation of victims by her husband in the 1938 stage drama Gas Light , known as Angel Street in the United States, and a film adaptation released in 1940 and 1944. In a story, a husband seeks to convince his wife and the others that he is crazy by manipulating the small elements in their environment and insists that he is mistaken, remembering the wrong things, or delusional when he shows these changes. The original title comes from the dimming of the gas lamp at home that occurs when the husband uses the gas lamp in the flat above while looking for gems belonging to a woman he has killed. The wife correctly notices the dim light and discusses it with her husband, but she insists that she only imagines a change in the level of illumination.
The term "gaslighting" has been used everyday since the 1960s to describe the attempt to manipulate one's perception of reality. In a 1980 book on child sexual abuse, Florence Rush summarizes Gaslight's (1944) motion by George Cukor (1944) based on drama and writing, "even today the word [gaslighting] is used to describe attempts to destroy perceptions others, reality. "
Maps Gaslighting
Usage
Sociopaths and narcissists often use gaslighting tactics. Sociopaths consistently violate social customs, violate the law, and exploit others, but usually also convincing, sometimes charming, liars who consistently refuse to blame. Thus, some who have become victims of sociopaths may doubt their own perceptions. Some physically abusive couples can ignite their partner's gas by expressly denying that they have committed violence. Gaslighting can occur in parent-child relationships, either with parents, children, or both lying to each other and trying to undermine perception.
The end goal of an abuser is to make the victim guessing each of their choices and question their sanity, making them more dependent on the perpetrator. Tactics that have lowered the self-esteem of a target is that the perpetrators ignore, then attend, then ignore the victim again, so the victim lowered their personal bar for what is love and considers themselves less worthy of affection.
Gaslighting can be experienced by victims of bullying in schools - when combined with other psychological and physical methods, the results can cause long-lasting psychological disorders and even develop into diseases such as depression or impaired personality disorder.
Gaslight has been observed in some cases of marital infidelity: "The therapist can contribute to the suffering of the victim through the mislabeling of a woman's reaction. [...] The gaslighting behavior of the couple prescribes for so-called 'neurological disorders' for some women [and] worst situation. "
There are two characteristics of gaslighting: The offender wants to fully control the feelings, thoughts, or actions of the victim; and the perpetrator silently emotionally harasses the victim in a hostile, violent, or coercive manner.
It is important to understand the gaslighting warning signs to fully begin the healing process. Gas lighting signs include:
- Information held by the victim;
- Fighting information to fit the point of view of the offender;
- Discount information;
- Verbal abuse, usually in the form of jokes;
- Block and distract the victim from outside sources;
- Convincing the value of the victim; and,
- Damaging victims by gradually weakening them and their thinking process.
Jay Carter explores the reasons behind gaslighting. He said that only 1% of people consciously use this technique to deliberately hurt the victim; 20% of people use gaslighting as a defense mechanism and only semi-consciously use this technique; while other actors inadvertently use this technique occasionally.
The three most common methods of gaslighting are:
- Hiding: Perpetrators can hide things from victims and cover up what they have done. Instead of feeling embarrassed, the offender can convince the victim to doubt their own beliefs about the situation and blame themselves.
- Changing: The offender feels the need to change something about the victim. Whether it's the way of dress or the action of the victim, they want the victims printed in their fantasies. If the victim does not comply, the offender can convince the victim that he or she is not good enough.
- Controls: The perpetrator may wish to fully control and have power over the victim. Thus, the offender will try to alienate them from friends and other families where only those who can influence the thoughts and actions of the victim. The offender is happy to know that the victim is fully controlled by them.
In psychiatry
Gaslighting has been observed between patients and staff at inpatient psychiatric facilities.
In a 1981 article, Some Clinical Consequences of Introyjection: Gaslighting, Calef and Weinshel argue that gaslighting involves the projection and introjection of the psychic conflict from the offender to the victim: "This imposition is based on a very special kind of 'transfer'... from painful and potentially painful mental conflicts. "The authors explore the various reasons why victims may have" a tendency to combine and assimilate what others externalize and project into them, "and conclude that gaslighting might be" highly structured configurations are very complicated which includes contributions from many of the psychic elements of the apparatus. " Dorpat (1994) describes this as an example of projective identification.
In relation to women in particular, Hilde Lindemann says that in such cases, the victim's ability to resist manipulation depends on "her ability to trust her own judgment". The establishment of "counterstories" can help victims regain "regular levels of free agents".
In the article "Falsifying Realities, Evil Sparks", author David Shasha sought to discover how someone became a victim of gaslighting when he dissected the 1944 film Gaslight. According to the article, gas makers first select vulnerable, mentally weak, defeated and manipulated targets. The ability of the victim to defend himself is usually minimal. In relationships, the manipulation and exploitation of honesty and love of the victims is a central concept in the process of gas lighting. Gaslighting and other interpersonal control methods are often used by mental health professionals because they are effective at shaping the behavior of other individuals. Gaslighting depends on "first convincing the victim that his thinking is distorted and the second convincing him that the perpetrator's ideas are true and true."
The main purpose of the offender is to target the victim's mental balance, self-confidence and self-esteem. This is a dangerous form of harassment because it undermines the mental stability of the victim, who becomes depressed and resigns and completely relies on the perpetrator because of their reality consciousness.
In politics
Maureen Dowd was the first person to use the term in a political context. He describes the use of Bill Clinton's technique in subjugating Newt Gingrich to a minor insult intended to provoke him to make public complaints "come as hysterical".
In describing the prevalence of engineering in US politics over the past few decades, Bryant Welch states in his book Confusion Status: Political Manipulation and Attacks on the American Mind:
To say the gas illumination was started by Bush Bush, Lee Atwater, Karl Rove, Fox News, or any other group that still exist or not just wrong, it also missed an important point. Gaslighting comes directly from integrating modern communications, marketing, and advertising techniques with long-standing propaganda methods. They are just waiting to be discovered by those who have enough ambition and the psychological makeup to use them.
Frida Ghitis uses the term "gaslighting" to describe Russia's global relations. Russian workers go to the Crimea, while Russian officials constantly deny their presence and manipulate the mistrust of political groups in their favor.
Journalists in the New York Times and Teen Vogue magazines, as well as psychologists Bryant Welch, Robert Feldman and Leah McElrath, have described some of Donald Trump's actions during the 2016 US presidential election and his tenure as a president as an example of gaslighting. Ben Yagoda wrote in the Chronicle of Higher Education in January 2017, that the term "gaslighting" has become more topical as a result of Trump's behavior, saying that Trump's "Trump to say" "X "and then, later, angrily stated," I did not say "X." In fact, I would never dream of saying "X" '. " has brought a new notation to the term.
In fiction
Gaslighting is the main theme in the 2016 plotline on the BBC radio soap opera The Archers . The story relates to the emotional abuse of Helen Archer by her partner and then her husband, Rob Titchener, for two years, and led to much public discussion about the phenomenon.
American mystery film and psychological thriller The Girl on the Train explores the immediate effects of gaslighting on Rachel, the story protagonist. The actor in the movie is actually Rachel's ex-husband, Tom, who is a violent actor. Rachel suffers from severe depression and alcoholism. When Rachel will faint from drunkenness, she consistently tells her that she has done bad things that she can not remember.
Gaslight (1944), the American mystery-thriller film, adapted from Patrick Hamilton's 1938 Gas Light drama, about a woman who was manipulated by her husband to believe she was going crazy. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Screenplay; it also won an Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Production Design.
The 2010 film Shutter Island uses a continuity error to suggest madness. For example, when one of the patients was questioned early on, he asked for a glass of water. He brought a full glass in one shot, in the next shot he drank it, but there was no glass in his hand, and in the next shot he put the empty glass. All of these shots are so short (about two seconds each) that it becomes more difficult to note, increasing the uncomfortable feelings that audiences get for reasons they can not explain.
In the workplace
Gaslighting in the workplace can occur when individuals take actions that cause colleagues to question themselves and their actions in ways that are detrimental to their careers. Victims can be deliberately excluded, subject to gossip, or constantly discredited or interrogated in an attempt to destroy the victim's confidence. The offender can reroute the conversation to a mistake or perceived error. Gaslighting can be done by any co-worker and can be very disadvantageous when the offender is someone in a position of power.
Racially directed
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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