A social skill is any competency that facilitates interaction and communication with others in which social rules and relationships are created, communicated, and modified in a verbal and nonverbal way. This skill learning process is called socialization. For socialization, interpersonal skills are essential to relate to one another. Interpersonal skills are interpersonal actions that a person uses to interact with others, associated with dominance vs. submission, love vs. hatred, affiliation vs. aggression, and vs. control. category of autonomy (Leary, 1957). Positive interpersonal skills include persuasion, active listening, delegation, and stewardship, among others. A healthy social interest (GemeinschaftsgefÃÆ'¼hl) involving more than being in a group is required for customized social skills. Social psychology is an academic discipline that conducts research related to social skills and learns how skills are learned by an individual through changes in attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors.
Video Social skills
Enumeration and categorization
Social skills are tools that enable people to communicate, learn, seek help, get needs met in the right way, associate with others, make friends, develop healthy relationships, protect themselves and, in general, can interact with society harmonious. Social skills build important characters such as trust, respect, responsibility, justice, caring, and citizenship. These characteristics help build an internal moral compass, allowing individuals to make good choices in thinking and behaving, resulting in social competence.
Important social skills identified by the Manpower Administration and Training are:
- Coordinate - Adjust actions in relation to the actions of others.
- Mentoring - Teaching and helping others how to do things (eg study partners).
- Negotiations - Discussions aimed at reaching agreement.
- Persuasion - The act or fact of persuading a person or being persuaded to do or trust something.
- Service Orientation - Actively seek ways to evolve compassionally and grow psycho-socially with people.
- Social Sensitivity - Be aware of other people's reactions and be able to respond by understanding.
Social skills are goal-oriented with the main goals and sub-goals. For example, workplace interactions initiated by new employees with senior employees will contain the primary purpose first. It will gather information, and then sub-goals will form relationships to get the ultimate goal. Takeo Doi in his consciousness study distinguishes this as tutemae , which means conventions and verbal expressions and honne , which means the true motives behind the convention.
Maps Social skills
Cause of deficit
The deficit in social skills was categorized by Gresham in 1998, due to failure to recognize and reflect social skills, failure to model appropriate models, and failure to perform acceptable behavior in certain situations in relation to the stage of development and transition. The social skills deficit is also a disappointment for children with behavioral challenges when it comes to adult adjustment.
Alcohol
Social skills are significantly impaired in people suffering from alcoholism. This is due to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol in the brain, especially the area of ​​the brain's prefrontal cortex. Social skills harmed by alcohol abuse, including disturbances in observing facial emotions, prosodic perception problems, and theories of mind deficits. The ability to understand humor is also undermined by alcohol abusers. Disorders in social skills can also occur in individuals suffering from fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. This deficit persists throughout the lives of affected people, and can worsen over time due to the effects of aging on the brain.
ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder
People with ADHD and hyperkinetic disorders often have difficulty with social skills, such as social interactions. About half of ADHD children and adolescents will experience peer rejection, compared with 10-15 percent of non-ADHD adolescents. Adolescents with ADHD tend not to develop close friendships and romantic relationships; they are usually considered by their peers as immature or as social outcasts, with the exception of colleagues who have ADHD or related disorders themselves, or a high level of tolerance for these symptoms. As they begin to mature, however, it becomes easier to make such a relationship. Social skills training, behavior modification, and treatment have some beneficial effects. It is important for ADHD teenagers to forge friendships with people who are not involved in deviant/delinquent activities and/or significant mental illness/developmental disabilities to reduce the emergence of psychopathology in the future. Poor colleagues' relationships can contribute to severe depression, crime, school failure, and substance use disorders. Romantic relationships are usually difficult in adolescence and college due to lack of attention to non verbal cues such as seductive movements, tone of voice, which may include misinterpretations if whether the person is romantically attracted to the person, along with the impulsive "Jumping in" relationship.
Autism
People with autistic spectrum disorders, such as Asperger's syndrome, have a deficit in social skills. This is most likely the result of a lack of mind theory, which allows people to understand the emotions of others. Many people in the spectrum have many social peculiarities such as obsessive interests and routines, lack of eye contact, one side conversation, abnormal body language and non-verbal communication. The concept of social skills has been questioned in terms of the autistic spectrum. In response to the needs of children with autism, Romanczyk suggests adapting a comprehensive model of social acquisition with behavioral modification rather than specific responses tailored to the social context.
Anxiety and depression
Individuals with little opportunity to socialize with others often struggle with social skills. This can often create a downward spiral effect for people with mental illness such as anxiety or depression. Because of the anxiety experienced by anxiety with interpersonal evaluation and fear of negative reactions by others, the hope of failure or social rejection in socialization leads to the avoidance or cessation of social interaction. Individuals who experience significant levels of social anxiety often have difficulties when communicating with others, and may have impaired ability to pinpoint social cues and social behavior.
Depression can also cause people to avoid opportunities for socializing, which disrupt their social skills, and make socialization unattractive.
Writer authors Snakes in Settings: When Psychopaths Go to Work explore psychopathy in the workplace. The FBI consultant described a five-phase model of how a common psychopath rises to and retains power. Many of the features exhibited by these individuals include: superficial charm, insincerity, egocentricity, manipulativeness, grandiosity, lack of empathy, low consent, exploitation, independence, stiffness, stubbornness and dictatorship tendencies. Babiak and Hare say for corporate psychopaths, success is defined as the best revenge and the behavior of their problems is repeated "ad infinitum" because little insight and their proto-emotions such as "anger, frustration, and anger" are biased as irresistible charms. The authors note that the lack of emotional literacy and moral awareness is often confusing with toughness, the ability to make difficult decisions, and effective crisis management. Babiak and Hare also emphasize the fact they identify with psychopaths from research that psychopaths can not be affected by any therapy.
At the University of Buffalo in New York, Emily Grijalva has been investigating narcissism in business; he found there were two forms of narcissism: "vulnerable" and "grandiose". It is his finding that a "moderate" narcissistic level is associated with being an effective manager. The great narcissist is characterized as self-confident; they have an unshakable belief that they are taller, even when it is unwarranted. They can dazzle, show off, and can also be selfish, exploitative and entitled. Jens Lange and Jan Crusius at the University of Cologne, Germany associate the "evil-tame" jealousy in narcissistic social climbers in the workplace. It is their finding that large narcissists are less susceptible to low self-esteem and neuroticism and less susceptible to anxiety and depression that can affect vulnerable narcissists when combined with envy. They characterize the vulnerable narcissists as those who "believe they are special, and want to be seen as such - but not so competent, or charming." As a result, their self-esteem fluctuates a lot. They tend to be self-conscious and passive, but also vulnerable to the explosion of potentially violent aggression if their self-image is threatened to escalate. Richard Boyatzis says this is a form of unproductive emotional expression that the person can not share constructively, reflecting the lack of proper skills Eddie Brummelman, a social and behavioral scientist at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Brad Bushman at Ohio State University in Columbus said studies show that in western culture narcissism is increasing from a shift of focus on oneself, rather than on relationships and concludes all narcissism becomes socially undesirable ("unhealthy feelings of superiority"). David Kealy at the University of British Columbia in Canada states that narcissism may help temporarily but in the long run it is better to be honest with yourself, have personal integrity, and be kind to others.
Management
Behavioral therapy
For behaviorists, social skills are learned behaviors that enable people to achieve social reinforcement. According to Schneider & amp; Byrne (1985), who conducted a meta-analysis of social skills training procedures (51 studies), operant conditioning procedures for social skills training had the greatest effect size, followed by modeling, coaching, and social cognitive techniques. Behavioral analysts prefer to use the term behavioral skills for social skills. Behavioral skills training to build social and other skills is used with a variety of populations including in packages to treat addictions such as in community strengthening and family training (CRAFT) approaches.
Behavioral skills training is also used for people suffering from borderline personality disorder, depression, and developmental disabilities. Usually behaviorists try to develop what are considered cusp skills, which are important skills to open access to various environments. The reason for this type of care approach is that people meet a variety of social problems and can reduce the stress and punishment of encounters in a safe environment. It also discusses how they can improve strengthening by having the right skills.
See also
References
External links
- National Association of School Psychologists on Social Skills
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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