storyboard is a graphical organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed sequentially for the purpose of pre-visualizing movies, animations, motion graphics or interactive media sequences. The storyboarding process, in a form known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being used at Walt Disney and other animation studios.
Video Storyboard
Origins
Many of the big budget silent films are storyboards, but most of this material has been lost during the reduction of studio archives during the 1970s and 1980s. The special effects of pioneers Georges MÃÆ'Â © liÃÆ'¨s are known to be among the first filmmakers to use storyboards and pre-production art to visualize the planned effects. However, the storyboard in a form known today was developed at Walt Disney studios during the early 1930s. In his dad's biography, Henry Holt, 1956, Diane Disney Miller explains that the first complete storyboard was created for Disney's short 1933 Short Three Pigs. According to John Canemaker, at Disney Dreams: The Art and Artists of Disney Storyboards (1999, Hyperion Press), Disney's first storyboard evolved from comic-books such as "story sketches" made in the 1920s to illustrate the concept for short animated cartoon subjects like Crazy Plane and Steamboat Willie , and in a few years this idea spread to other studios.
According to Christopher Finch in the Art of Walt Disney (Abrams, 1974), Disney glorifies the Webb Smith animator by creating the idea of ​​drawing a scene on a separate sheet of paper and embedding it on a bulletin board to tell a sequential story, thus creating storyboard first. Furthermore, Disney was the first to admit the need for a studio to maintain a separate "story department" with a special storyboard artist (ie, a new job different from the animator), as he realized that the audience would not watch the movie unless his story gave them reason to care about character. The second studio to switch from "story sketches" to the storyboard was Walter Lantz Productions in early 1935; by 1936 Harman-Ising and Leon Schlesinger Productions also followed suit. In 1937 or 1938, all American animation studios used storyboards.
Gone with the Wind (1939) is one of the first live action movies to be fully storyboarded. William Cameron Menzies, the film production designer, was hired by producer David O. Selznick to design every movie shot.
Storyboarding became popular in the production of live-action films during the early 1940s and grew into a standard medium for the previsualization of films. Curator of Pace Gallery Annette Micheloson, writing the exhibition Drawing to Film: Directed Image , considers the 1940s to the 1990s to be a period in which "production design is largely characterized by the adoption of storyboards". Storyboards are now an important part of the creative process.
Maps Storyboard
Usage
Movies
The storyboard of the film, commonly known as a shooting board, is basically a series of frames, with sequences of images in the film, such as comic books from films or parts of previously produced films. It helps film directors, cinematographers, and commercial television commercials clients visualize scenes and discover potential problems before they happen. In addition, storyboards also help estimate overall production costs and save time. Often the storyboard includes arrows or instructions that show movement. For quick action scenes, the art of monochrome lines may be enough. For slower dramatic films with emphasis on lighting, color impressionist style art may be required.
In making a movie with any degree of fidelity to the script, the storyboard provides a visual layout of the event as it should be viewed through the camera lens. And in the case of interactive media, it is the layout and sequence in which the user or viewer sees content or information. In the storyboarding process, most of the technical details involved in making a movie or interactive media project can be explained efficiently in both the image and the additional text.
Theater
A common misconception is that storyboards are not used in the theater. Directors and screenwriters often use storyboards as a special tool for understanding the scene layout. A great Russian theater practitioner, Stanislavski, developed a storyboard in his detailed production plans for his Moscow Theater Theater (such as The Seagull Chekhov) in 1898). German director and playwright, Bertolt Brecht, developed a detailed storyboard as part of the dramaturgy method of the "fable".
Animatics
In animation and special effects work, the storyboarding stage can be followed by a simplified mock-up called "animatic" to give a better picture of how the scene will look and feel with motion and time. The simplest, animatic is the sequence of still images (usually taken from storyboards) displayed synchronously with rough dialogue (ie, initial vocals) and/or rough soundtracks, essentially giving a simplified picture of how the various visual and auditory elements will work with one to another.
This allows the animator and director to complete each scenario, camera position, image list, and time issues that may exist with the current storyboard. Storyboard and soundtrack are changed if necessary, and new animatics can be created and reviewed by production staff until the storyboard is completed. Editing at the animatic stage can help production avoid wasting time and resources on scene animations that would otherwise be edited from the film at a later stage. A few minutes of screen time in traditional animations is usually equivalent to a working month for a traditional animator team, which has to painstakingly draw and paint countless frames, meaning that all the workforce (and salary already paid) should be wiped if the final scene does not work in the final cut of the film. In the context of computer animation, storyboarding helps minimize component construction and unnecessary scene models, such as helping live-action filmmakers evaluate what parts of the set do not need to be constructed because it will never fit into the frame.
Often storyboards are animated with simple zooms and pans to simulate camera movement (using non-linear editing software). This animation can be combined with available animatics, sound effects, and dialogs to create presentations on how movies can be shot and cut together. Some features of DVD movie special features include production animations, which may have early vocals or may even feature vocals from the actual cast (usually where the scene was cut after the vocal recording phase but before the production phase of the animation).
Animatics are also used by advertising agencies to create cheap test advertisements. Variations, "rip-o-matic", created from scenes of movies, television programs or existing ads, to simulate the look and feel of the proposed ads. Rip, in this sense, refers to tearing the original job to create a new one.
Photomatic
A Photomatic (probably derived from 'animatic' or photo-animation) is a series of still images edited together and presented on screen in sequence. Sound effects, voice-overs, and soundtracks are added to the section to show how a movie can be shot and cut together. It's increasingly used by advertisers and agencies to examine the effectiveness of the storyboard they propose before doing a 'full' television ad.
Photomatic is usually a research tool, similar to animatic, because it represents a job for a test audience so that the commissioner of the work can measure its effectiveness.
Initially, the photo was taken using a color negative film. Options will be made from contact sheets and prints made. The prints will be placed in the pulpit and recorded onto a video cassette using a standard video camera. Every movement, pan or zoom should be made in camera. The captured scene can then be edited.
Digital photography, web access to stock photography and non-linear editing programs have a noticeable impact on the way these films are made also lead to the term 'digimatic'. Images can be captured and edited very quickly to allow important creative decisions to be made 'live'. An animated composite photo can build complicated scenes that typically fall outside of many movie test budgets.
Photomatix is ​​also a trademarked name of many booths found in public places that take photos with coin operations. The Photomatic brand booth is manufactured by the New York City Mutoscope Reel International Company. The previous version only took one photo per coin, and the next version of the booth took a series of photos. Many of the chambers will produce four photographs of the strip in exchange for coins.
Comic book
Some authors have used storyboard (although somewhat vague) storyboards for the scripting of their comic books, often showing the staging of numbers, backgrounds and placement of balloons with instructions to the required artist often writing in the margin and the dialog/description shown. John Stanley and Carl Barks (when he was writing a story for the title of Junior Woodchuck) are known to have used this scripting style.
In Japanese comics, the word "name" ( ??? , n? Mu , is pronounced [ne: m?] ) is used for rough storyboards of manga.
Business
Storyboards used to plan advertising campaigns such as corporate video production, advertising, proposals or other business presentations intended to convince or force to act are known as - presentation boards. Presentation boards will generally be better quality than the drawing board because they need conveying, expression, layout and mood. Modern advertising agencies and marketing professionals will make a good presentation board by hiring a storyboard artist to create a hand-drawn picture frame or often use sourced photos to create a loose narrative of the idea they are trying to sell.
Some consulting firms teach this technique to their staff for use during the development of client presentations, often using "brown paper techniques" from presentation taping slides (in sequential versions as made changes) to a large piece of rolled kraft paper for easy transportation. The earliest storyboard may be as simple as a slide title on a Post-It note, which is then replaced with a draft presentation slide as it is created.
Storyboard is also in accounting in ABC System Activity-Based Costing (ABC) to develop a detailed process flow chart that visually shows all activity and relationships between activities. They are used in this way to measure the cost of resources consumed, identify and eliminate non-value added costs, determine the efficiency and effectiveness of all key activities, and identity and evaluate new activities that can improve future performance.
A "quality storyboard" is a tool to help facilitate the introduction of quality improvement processes into an organization.
"Comic design" is the kind of storyboard used to include customers or other characters into the narrative. Comic design is most commonly used in designing websites or describing product use scenarios during design. Comic design was popularized by Kevin Cheng and Jane Jao in 2006.
Novel
Storyboards are now becoming more popular with novelists. Since most novelists write their stories based on scenes rather than chapters, storyboards are useful for planning the story in sequence of events and rearranging the appropriate scene.
Interactive media
Recently the term storyboard has been used in web development, software development, and instructional design to present and describe, in writing, interactive events and audio and motion, especially on the user interface and electronic pages.
Software
Storyboard is used in software development as part of the identification of specifications for specific software. During the specification phase, the screens that the software will display are captured, either on paper or using other special software, to illustrate the essential steps of the user experience. The storyboard is then modified by engineers and clients when they decide on their specific needs. The reason why storyboards are useful during software engineering is because it helps the user to understand exactly how the software will work, much better than the abstract description. It's also cheaper to make changes to the storyboard than the software that is implemented.
Scientific research
Storyboards are used in linguistic fieldwork to obtain spoken language. An informant is usually presented with a simplified graphical representation of the situation or story, and is asked to describe the situation described, or to retell the story described. Speeches are recorded for linguistic analysis.
Benefits
One of the advantages of using storyboards is to allow (in movies and business) users to experiment with the change of storyline to generate stronger reactions or interests. Flashbacks, for example, are often the result of sorting the storyboards out of chronological order to help build tension and interest.
Another benefit of the storyboard is that production can plan a movie first. In this step, things like camera type angle, angle, and character block are disconnected.
The process of visual thinking and planning allows a group of people to brainstorm together, put their ideas on the storyboard and then set the storyboard on the wall. It fosters more ideas and generates consensus within the group.
Creation
The storyboard for the movie is made in a few step process. They can be made with hand drawings or digitally on a computer. The main characteristics of the storyboard are:
- Visualize the story.
- The focus of the story and time in some key frames (very important in animation).
- Specify technical parameters: description of motion, camera, lighting, etc.
If drawing by hand, the first step is to create or download a storyboard template. It looks like an empty strip comic, with space for comments and dialogs. Then sketch the storyboard "thumbnail". Some directors sketched thumbnails directly on the margin script. The boards get their name because the sketch is not bigger than the thumbnail. For some moving pictures, the miniature storyboard is sufficient.
However, some filmmakers rely heavily on the storyboard process. If the director or producer wants a more detailed and complicated storyboard story is created. This can be made by professional storyboard artists with hand on paper or digital using the 2D storyboard program. Some software applications even provide special, stable storyboard drawings that make it possible to quickly create shots that express the director's intent for the story. These boards tend to contain more detailed information than the mini storyboard and convey more moods to the scene. This is then presented to a cinematographer project that achieves the director's vision.
Finally, if required, a 3D storyboard is created (called 'technical previsualization'). The advantage of 3D storyboard is that they show what movie cameras will see using the lenses that the film camera will use. The disadvantage of 3D is the amount of time it takes to build and build a shot. 3D storyboards can be built using 3D animation programs or digital dolls in 3D programs. Some programs have a collection of low-resolution 3D numbers that can help in the process. Some 3D applications allow cinematographers to create a "technical" storyboard that is an optically correct image and frame.
Although a technical storyboard can help, the optically correct storyboard can limit the creativity of the director. In classic films like Orson Welles' Citizen Kane and Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest , the director creates a storyboard originally thought by the cinematographers impossible to film. Such innovative and dramatic shots have depth and "impossible" areas where there is "no room for cameras" - at least not until creative solutions are found to achieve the breakthrough that the director has foreseen.
See also
- Movie creation
- Graphical organizers
- Pre-production
- Screenplay
- Script details
- List of movie related topics
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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