Tic disorder

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Tic disorder is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) by type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, fast, non-rhythmic movements). Tic disorder is defined equally by the World Health Organization (ICD-10 code).

Video Tic disorder

Classification

ICD-10

ICD10 diagnostic codes are:

• F95.0 Transient tic disorder
• F95.1 Motor chic or tic vocal disorder
• F95.2 Combined vocals and multiple motor disorders [Gilles de la Tourette]
• F95.8 Other tic interruptions
• F95.9 Laughter disorder, not specific

DSM-IV-TR

In the fourth revision of DSM (DSM-IV-TR), tic disturbances are classified as follows:

• Transient tic disturbance consists of multiple motor and/or tics phonic with a duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months.
• Chronic tic disturbances are single or double motors or tics phonic, but not both, are present for more than one year.
• Tourette's syndrome is diagnosed when both motor and tics phonic are present for more than a year.
• Tic NOS disorder was diagnosed when tics were present, but did not meet the criteria for a particular tic disorder.

From DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5

DSM-5 was published in 2013, updated DSM-IV-TR, published in 2000. The following changes were made:

• The word stereotype has been removed from the definition of tic: stereotypes and stereotyped stereotype disorders are often misdiagnosed as Tics or Tourette syndrome. The tic definition is consistent for all tic disorders, and stereotyped is deleted to help distinguish between stereotypes (common in autism spectrum disorders) and tic disturbances.
• temporary tic interruption supersed tics interruption while : as originally presented the tics could eventually be diagnosed as a chronic tic disorder or Tourette, transient can only be defined in retrospect and not very useful for clinicians. The term "temporary " satisfies the experts with a more systematic epidemiological approach to disorder, "but should not imply that treatment may not be necessary.
• Chronic motor differentiation or tic vocal disturbance: DSM-5 adds a specifier to distinguish between chronic vocal and motoric tics. This difference is added because higher rates of comorbid diagnosis present with vocal tics relative to motor tics.
• The use of stimulants as causes is eliminated: there is no evidence that the use of stimulants causes a tic disorder.
• New categories, Other specified and Unspecified : for tic disturbances that result in significant decreases in individuals but do not meet the complete criteria for other tic disturbances. New category category for tics with adult onset, or tics triggered by other medical conditions or use of illegal drugs.

DSM-5

The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5), published in May 2013, classifies Tourette and tic disorders as a motor disorder listed in the category of neurodevelopmental disorders.

The tic noise, in order of severity, is:

• 307.20 Other particular tic disturbances (please state why)
• 307.20 Unspecified tic noise
• 307.21 Temporary tic interruption
• 307.22 Motor or tic visors persistent (chronic) (specify motor or vowel)
• 307.23 Tourette Disorders

Maps Tic disorder

Diagnosis

Tics should be distinguished from other causes of turmetism, stereotypes, chorea, dyskinesias, myoclonus, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Treatment

Education, and the "watch and wait" strategy, is the only necessary treatment for many, and the majority of individuals with tics are not seeking treatment; treatment of tic disorder is similar to the treatment of Tourette syndrome.

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Epidemiology

Tic disorders are more common in men than in women.

As many as 1 in 100 people may experience some form of tic disorder, usually before puberty. Tourette's syndrome is a more severe expression of the spectrum of tic disorder, thought to be due to the same genetic susceptibility. However, most cases of Tourette's syndrome are not severe. Although a large number of investigative work demonstrate the genetic linkage of various tic disorders, further studies are needed to confirm the relationship.

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References

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Further reading

• Classification Study Group of Tourette Syndrome. "Definition and classification of tic disturbances". Arch Neurol . 1993 Oct; 50 (10): 1013-6. PMIDÃ, 8215958. Retrieved on 2005-03-22
• JT Walkup, FerrÃÆ' Â £ Y, Leckman JF, Stein DJ, Singer H. Tic disorder: some major issues for DSM-V (PDF). Depression Anxiety . 2010 Jun; 27 (6): 600-10. PMID 20533370 doi: 10.1002/da.20711

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