Sallie Gardner in Gallop , also known as The Horse in Motion , is a series of photos consisting of galloping horses , the result of a photographic experiment by Eadweard Muybridge on June 15, 1878. Sometimes cited as an early quiet film, the series and more recent experiments like it are precursors to film development. The series consists of 24 images taken in rapid succession displayed on the zoopraxiscope. It was released throughout 1878-1880. Muybridge was commissioned by Leland Stanford, industrialist and horseman, interested in gait analysis. The purpose of shooting is to determine whether a galloping horse ever lifts the four legs completely off the ground during the gait; at this speed, the human eye can not break action. The photographs show that all four legs are sometimes simultaneously from the ground, although this only happens when the feet "clump" under the body, not when the fore and hind legs are "extended" because sometimes depicted in older paintings.
Video Sallie Gardner at a Gallop
Development
Leland Stanford owned a large farm where he grew up, trained and ran both Standardbreds, used for running races in which a driver climbed by sulking while riding a horse; and Thoroughbreds, driven by jockeys and running fast. He is interested in improving the performance of horses of both types and in the scientific questions of their gait actions.
During July 1877, photographer Muybridge tried to solve Stanford's questions with a series of more vivid photographs of the Stanford, Occident, at racing speed at Union Park Racetrack in Sacramento, California. He caught the horse in a photograph four feet from the ground. One of the prints was sent to the local California press, but because they found that the negative film was retouched, the press fired him. As negative retouching was an acceptable and common practice at the time, the photo won the Muybridge award at the San Francisco Twelfth Industrial Exhibition. Slide lanterns from horses running photos of life.
The following year, Stanford funded the next Muybridge project: to use multiple cameras to photograph a Thoroughbred by running at a Stanford ranch in Palo Alto on June 15, 1878, in front of the press. Muybridge photographed a Kentucky mare horse that was raised by a businessman named Sallie Gardner.
He has set the camera along the track parallel to the horse road. Muybridge uses 24 separate 27-inch (69 cm) cameras. The leaf window is controlled by a travel cable that is triggered by the hooves of the horse. The photographs were taken one-twenty-five seconds apart, with a shutter speed calculated less than 1/2000 s. Jockey Domm arranges a horse to travel at a speed of 1:40, meaning that he runs at a mile a minute and 40 seconds, equivalent to 36 miles per hour (58 km/h).
The stops-and-action photos show the mare lifting all four legs off the ground at certain points during the race. Walking along, the photos produce a moving horse effect, or a movie. Muybridge produces his prints on the spot; when the press saw the broken rope in Sallie's saddle in the mold, they became convinced of the authenticity of the mold. Scientific American is one publication that reports on Muybridge's hard work in 1878. Despite rumors that Stanford has a big bet above the results, historian Phillip Prodger says, "I personally believe that the stakes is apocryphal.Actually no primary account of this bet ever existed, the place goes on, everything is rumor and secondhand information. "
Maps Sallie Gardner at a Gallop
Aftermath
In 1880, Muybridge first projected moving images onscreen when he gave presentations at the California School of Fine Arts; this is the earliest known film exhibition. He later met Thomas Edison, who recently discovered a phonograph. Edison went on to create a kinetoscope, the predecessor of a film camera.
The relationship between Muybridge and Stanford became turbulent in 1882. Stanford commissioned the book The Horse in Motion: as Seen by Immediate Photography , written by his friend and horseman J. D. B. Stillman; it was published by Osgood and Company. The book is claimed to feature instantaneous photography, but shows 100 illustrations based on a Muybridge photo taken from Stanford, Sallie. Muybridge is not credited in a book unless it is registered as a Stanford employee and in a technical appendix based on the account he wrote. As a result, the Royal Society of Arts UK, which previously offered to finance further photography studies by Muybridge of the animal movement, withdrew the fund. His lawsuit against Stanford for credit was dismissed from court.
Muybridge soon gained support for two years of study under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania. The University publishes his current and previous work as an extensive portfolio of 780 collotype plates, under the title Animal Locomotion: Electro-Photographic Investigation of the Gradual Phase of the Animal Movement, 1872-1885. The collotype plates are measured 19 x 24 inches, each contained in 36 by 36 inch frames; the total number of images is about 20,000. The published plates include 514 men and women in motion, 27 abnormal male and female movement plates, 16 children, 5 adult male arm moves, and 221 with animal subjects.
The "Sallie Gardner" experiment was the subject of Google's doodle on April 9, 2012 (on Muybridge's 182 birthday birthday).
See also
- Chronophotography
- Movie history
- Roundhay Park Scenery
- Passage de Venus
References
External links
- Phillip Prodger, Fixed Time: Muybridge and Immediate Photography Movement , February-11 May 2003, Visual Artist (and tour) Singing Center, Stanford University; catalog published by Oxford University Press, 2003
- Sallie Gardner in Gallop on IMDb
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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