early childhood is a stage in human development. Usually includes toddlers and some time afterwards. Play age is a nonspecific mention of approximately in early childhood. Some periods of age-related development and specified interval examples are: newborn (0-5 weeks); infant (5 weeks - 1 year); toddlers (ages 1-3 years); preschoolers (ages 3-5 years); school age children (ages 6-11); teenagers (ages 12-17).
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Psychology
In psychology the term early childhood is usually defined as the period of birth to age nine, thus covering infancy, kindergartens and early years of school through grade 3. There are three stages of simultaneous development :
Growth and physical development
In this phase there is significant synaptic growth and myelination of nerve fibers in the brain, especially in the frontal lobes. For example, between the ages of 2 and 6, the brain increases from 70% of its adult weight to 90%. Brain growth is followed by a spike in cognitive abilities. Around the age of five, children begin to speak properly and master their hands for eye coordination.
It is optimal that an environment is provided that encourages physical development and allows children to explore and try new things. Physical development in children follows a pattern. Large muscles develop in front of small muscles. Large muscles are used for walking, running and other physical activities. This is known as rough motor skills. Small muscles are used for fine motor skills such as picking up objects, writing, drawing, throwing and catching.
Cognitive growth and development
Called the preoperative stage by Jean Piaget, this is the stage in which the child repeatedly asks "Why?", And is used to build relationships with children. The child has not been able to perform abstract thinking operations. The child must be able to see what is being said, because they do not understand the concept of logic, betrayal, contemplation, etc. This means that they think literally: if a child is told that they should go to bed because "Night falls", they will ask how can the night (literally) fall from the sky. They also see human characteristics in every object, such as a "bad" table if they accidentally hit it with their feet and it hurts. They also show egocentrism; not to be confused with egoism; that being said, they do not understand that other people have confidence and children at this age think that what they think, everyone thinks. There is also a perceptive perception problem, which causes children to visually see what is most prominent to someone/something, eg. If a man has long hair, the child will think he is a woman.
Social-emotional growth and development
This includes children understanding the sense of 'self', relationships with others and socialization. Emotional development includes expression, attachment and personality. Children show fear in the dark and the monsters and around the age of three know whether they are male or female and start acting like that. Boys are usually more aggressive, while girls are more concerned. However, aggression is manifested in two different ways: boys are more aggressively physical, while girls are more socially aggressive (naming and ignoring). At this stage individual differences become more prominent.
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Physical development
Rough motor skills
Between the ages of 2 and 3, youngsters stop using an awkward, wide-legged attitude that is the hallmark of new pedestrians. As they develop a smoother way of walking, they also develop the ability to run, jump, and jump. Children of this age can participate in throwing and catching the game with a bigger ball. They can also push themselves with their feet while sitting on a riding toy.
The most rapid period of development of motor behavior is between 2 and 6 years (also known as preschool years). The emerging skills are basic locomotor, ball handling, good eye-hand coordination, running leads for running, jumping, jumping, running, and jumping, climbing developing from creeping.
Fine motor skills
There are some developmental expectations for children to reach by the time they reach age 2. Children are expected to draw simple shapes like circles, boxes and triangles. The pencil holding development begins with a preserved clutch and ends with a "dynamic tripod" handle that involves three fingers stabilizing the tool near the end. They should also be able to cut this form. By doing activities like this develop fine motor skills of children, by strengthening their fingers and developing their finger control.
Education
Infants and toddlers experience a more holistic life than any other age group. Social, emotional, cognitive, language, and physical lessons are not studied separately by very young children. The most helpful adults of small children interact in a way that understands that children learn from the whole experience, not just part of the experience in which adults pay attention.
The most learned information takes place between birth and the age of three, during which time humans develop faster and faster than they do at other points in their lives. The love, affection, encouragement and mental stimulation of the parents or guardians of these young people helps in development. At this moment in life, the brain grows rapidly and is easier for information to be absorbed; parts of the brain can be almost doubled in a year. During this stage, children need essential nutrients and personal interactions to make their brains grow well. The children's brain will develop and become more developed in these early years. Although adults play a major role in early childhood development, the most important way a child develops is interaction with other children. Children develop close relationships with children they spend for a very long time. Close contact with peers develops strong social relationships that can be transferred at a later date, even children at an early age have a preference that they want to interact or make friends with. Howes (1983) research suggests that there are typical characteristics of friendship, for infants, toddlers and preschoolers.
Other definitions
According to the National Association for Education of Young Children, early childhood stretches human life from birth to 8 years of age.
References
External links
- "Early Childhood Care and Education". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 2010-11-07.
- "APP for Early Childhood Stimulation".
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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