Motion, the process of movement, is depicted using a particular anatomical term. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and certain parts of the body. The terminology used describes this movement in its direction relative to the anatomical position of the joint. Anatomists use a set of integrated terms to describe most of the movement, though others, more specific terms are needed to describe the uniqueness of movements such as hands, feet, and eyes.
In general, movements are classified according to the anatomical plane that occurs in. Video Anatomical terms of motion
Classification
Motifs are classified after the anatomical field occurs, although more frequent movements than different motion combinations occur simultaneously across multiple planes. Motions can be divided into categories related to the nature of the involved joints: The
- Glide movement occurs between flat surfaces, such as on intervertebral discs or between carpal bones and hand metacarpal bone. The
- Angle movement occurs above the synovial joint and causes them to increase or decrease the angle between the bones.
- Rotational motions move the structure in a rotational motion along the longitudinal axis, such as turning the head to look to one side.
Apart from this movement it can also be divided into: Movement of
- Linear (or translation movement), which moves in a line between two points. The movement rectangle is a straight line movement between two points, while the movement of curvilinear moves along the curved path. The
- Angle movement (or play movement) occurs when an object is around another object that increases or lowers the angle. Different parts of the object are not moving at the same distance. Examples include knee movements, where the corners of the lower leg are compared to the femur, or ankle motion.
The study of motion is known as kinesiology. A list of categories of human body movements and involved muscles can be found on the list of human body movements.
Abnormal movements
Hyper - prefixes are sometimes added to describe movements beyond normal limits, such as in hypermobility , hyperflexion or hyperextension . The range of motion represents the total range of motions that a joint can perform. For example, if body parts such as joints are too elongated or "bent backward" due to excessive extension movements, then it can be described as hyperextended . Hyperextension increases stress on the joint ligaments, and not necessarily because of voluntary movements. This may be caused by accidents, falls, or other causes of trauma. It may also be used in surgery, such as temporarily dislocated joints for surgical procedures.
Maps Anatomical terms of motion
General movement
This is a general term that can be used to describe most of the movements the body makes. Most terms have a clear opposite, and are therefore treated in pairs.
Flexions and extensions
Flexions and extensions describe movements that affect the angle between two body parts. These terms are derived from Latin words with the same meaning.
Flex describes the bending motion that reduces the angle between the segment and its proximate segment. For example, bending your elbows, or clenching your hands into fists, is an example of flexion. As you sit, your knees are bent. When the joints can move forward and backward, such as the neck and the stem, flexion refers to movement toward the anterior. Flexion of shoulders or hips refers to the movement of the arm or leg forward.
Extension is the opposite of flexion, describing upright movements that increase the angle between body parts. When the joints can move forward and backward, such as the neck and stem, the extension refers to a posteriorly moving motion. For example, when standing, his knee is extended. Extension of the hip or shoulder moves the arm or leg back. When the chin is stuck to the chest, the head is bent, and the torso is bent when someone bends forward.
Penculikan dan adduksi
Abduction is the movement of structures away from the centerline while adduction refers to the movement toward the center of the body. The center of the body is defined as the midsagittal field. These terms are from a Latin word with a similar meaning, ab - being a Latin prefix showing "go," ads - showing "in the direction," and ducere means "interesting or interesting" (see the English words "channel," "do," "induction").
Kidnapping refers to movements that draw structures or sections of from the midline of the body. In the case of fingers and toes, this refers to the spreading of the fingers apart, away from the centerline of the hands or feet. Wrist abduction is also called radial aberration . For example, lifting arms upward, like when walking on a rope, is an example of kidnapping on the shoulder. When the legs are stretched out on the hips, such as when jumping stars or split, legs are kidnapped in the hips.
Additions refers to movements that draw structures or sections towards the centerline of the body, or toward the midline of the limbs. In terms of fingers and toes, it refers to uniting digits, toward the centerline of the hand or leg. Wrist adduction is also called ulnar deviation . Dropping the sleeve to the side, and putting the knee together, is an example of adduction.
Ulnar deviation is the hand that moves toward the ulnar styloid (or, toward the little finger/fifth). Radial deviation is a hand movement towards a styloid radial (or, toward the thumb/first digit).
Elevation and depression
The terms elevation and depression refer to movement above and below horizontal. They are derived from the Latin term with a similar meaning
Elevation refers to the movement in a more superior direction. For example, shrugging is an example of increased scapula.
Depression refers to the movement toward the lower, the opposite of the height.
Rotation
The rotation of body parts is referred to as internal or external, referring to the rotation toward or away from the center of the body.
Internal Rotation (or medial rotation ) refers to rotation toward the axis of the body.
External rotation (or lateral rotation ) refers to the rotation away from the center of the body.
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- Anterograde Flow and Retrograde , refers to the movement of blood or other fluids in the normal (anterograde) or abnormal (retrograde) direction.
- Circulation refers to the cone-shaped movements of body parts, such as balls and socket or eye joints. Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. Circulation can be done best on ball joints and sockets, such as hips and shoulders, but can also be done by other body parts such as fingers, hands, feet, and head. For example, circumduction occurs when twisting the arm while serving in tennis or bowling a cricket ball.
- Reduction refers to the movement to restore the bone to its original state, such as shoulder reduction after a shoulder dislocation, or a reduction in hernia.
Special moves
Hands and feet
Flexions and leg extensions
Dorsofleksi and plantar flexion refers to the extension or leg flexion of the ankle. These terms refer to the flexion between the foot and the body's dorsal surface, considered to be the front of the foot, and the flexion between the leg and the plantar surface is considered the back of the leg. These terms are used to resolve the confusion, since technically the extension connection refers to dorsoflection, which can be considered counter-intuitive as the movement reduces the angle between the legs and feet.
Dorsofection where the toes are brought closer to the shin. This reduces the angle between dorsum legs and feet. For example, when walking on the heels, the ankle is described in the dorsflexion position.
Plantar flexion is a movement that lowers the angle between the soles of the feet and the back of the foot. For example, motion while pressing the pedal or standing on tiptoe can be described as plantar flexion.
Flexions and extensions from hand
Palmarflexion and dorsoflection refers to the flexion motion (palmarfleksion) or extension (dorsiflexion) of the hand at the wrist. These terms refer to the flexion between the hand and the dorsal surface of the body, which in the anatomical position is regarded as the back of the arm; and the flexibility between the hands and the surface of the palmar body, which in the anatomical position is regarded as the anterior side of the arm. The direction of the term is contrary to that in the foot because of the embryological rotation of the limb in the opposite direction.
Palmarflexion refers to the decreasing angle between the palm of the hand and the anterior front arm.
Dorsoflection refers to an extension in the ankle or wrist. It brings the hand closer to the dorsum of the body.
Pronation and supination
Pronation ( ) and supination ( ) most often refer to vulnerable or supine positions, but often they are used in a special sense that refers to the rotation of the forearm or leg so that in an anatomical position standard palms or palm facing forward (supination) or posterior (pronation).
Pronation in the forearm is a rotational motion in which the hands and upper arms are rotated inward. Pronation of the foot refers to the inversion of the sole of the foot outward, so that the weight is borne on the medial part of the foot.
Supination of the forearm occurs when the forearm or palm is turned outwards. Foot supination refers to turning the sole of the foot inward, shifting weight to the lateral edge.
Inversions and Eversions
Inversion and eversion refers to the movement that tilts the sole of the foot away from (eversi) or towards (invert) the midline of the body.
Eversion is the movement of the foot away from the median field. Reversal is the only movement to the median plane. For example, the inversion describes the movement when the ankle is twisted.
Eyes
Unique terminology is also used to describe the eye. As an example:
- Version is an eye movement involving both eyes moving simultaneously and symmetrically in the same direction.
- Torsion refers to eye movements that affect the vertical axis of the eye, such as the movement made when looking at the nose.
Jaws and teeth
- Occlusion refers to the movement of the mandible toward the jaw making contact between the teeth.
- Protrusion and Retractions are sometimes used to describe the anterior (protrusi) and posterior (retraction) jaw movements.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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