Trailers (also known as preview or the upcoming attraction ) are commercials for feature films to be showcased in the future in cinemas, creative work and technical. The term "trailer" comes from those originally displayed at the end of screening of the big screen. The exercise did not last long, as visitors tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name remained. The trailer is now displayed before the movie begins.
Movie trailers are now becoming popular on DVDs and Blu-ray discs, as well as on the Internet and on mobile devices. Of the approximately 10 billion videos watched online each year, trailers ranked third, after the news and video made by users. The trailer format has also been adopted as a promotional tool for television shows, video games, books, and theatrical shows/concerts.
Video Trailer (promotion)
Histori
The first trailer featured in American theaters was in November 1913, when Nils Granlund, the advertising manager for the theater chain Marcus Loew, produced a short promotional film for The Pleasure Seekers music, which opened at the Winter Garden Theater on Broadway. As reported in the cable service story carried by Lincoln, Nebraska
Trailers are initially displayed after, or "trailing", feature films, and this causes them to be called "trailers". The practice was found to be somewhat ineffective, often overlooked by audiences who left immediately after the feature. Later, participants changed their practice so that the trailer was only one part of the film program, including cartoon shorts, news stories, and series adventure episodes. Currently, more complicated trailers and commercial ads have replaced most other pre-featured entertainment features, and in large multiplex chains, about the first 20 minutes after showtime posted are devoted to trailers.
Until the late 1950s, trailers were mostly made by the National Screen Service and consisted of the main scenes of the advertised film, often coupled with large descriptive texts depicting the story, and the bottom line generally drawn from the studio music library. Most trailers have some form of narration, and that feature stentorian sound.
In the early 1960s, the face of movie trailers changed. Without text, montage footage, and quick editing became popular, in large part due to the coming of "New Hollywood" and the increasingly popular technique on television. Among the trendsetters was Stanley Kubrick with a montage trailer for Lolita (1962), Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Anxiety and Bomb Love (1964), and 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Kubrick's main inspiration for Dr. Strangelove trailer is a very good movie, Very Good, (1961) by Canadian film visionary Arthur Lipsett. Pablo Ferro, who pioneered the techniques Kubrick needed as an element necessary for the success of his campaign, created Dr. Strangelove trailer, as well as award-winning trailer for A Clockwork Orange (1971).
Many home videos contain footage for other movies produced by the same company that are scheduled to be available soon after the legal release of the video, so as not to spend money advertising videos on TV. Most VHS tapes will play them early in the recording, but some VHS tapes contain a preview at the end of the movie or on both ends of the tape. VHS tapes containing trailers at the end usually remind viewers to "Keep following after the feature for more previews." With DVD and Blu-ray, the trailer can operate as a bonus feature rather than having to watch through the trailer before the movie.
Maps Trailer (promotion)
Definitions
The trailer consists of a series of selected images from the advertised movie. Since the purpose of the trailer is to attract audiences to the film, this trailer is usually taken from the most interesting, funny, or shoulderable part of the film but in an abbreviated form and usually without producing spoilers. For this purpose, the scenes are not necessarily sequential in the order in which they appear in the film. A trailer must achieve it in less than 2 minutes and 30 seconds, the maximum length allowed by the MPAA. Each studio or distributor is allowed to exceed this time limit once a year, if they feel the need for a particular film.
In January 2014, the cinema trade group The National Association of Theater Owners issued industry guidelines requiring film distributors to provide trailers running no more than 2 minutes, which is 30 seconds shorter than the previous norm. This guide is not mandatory, and also allows for limited exceptions of certain movies that have longer trailers. Film distributors reacted calmly to the announcement. No disputes were seen at the time the trailer went before the guidelines, which surprised many people.
Some trailers use "special shoot" recordings, which are materials that have been created specifically for advertising purposes and do not appear in the actual movie. The most famous film to use this technique is Terminator 2: Judgment Day , whose footage features a complicated special effects scene from a factory-assembled T-800 Terminator that was never meant to be in a self-made movie. Dimension Films also photographed extra scenes for their 2006 horror remake, Black Christmas - this scene was used in promotional footage for the movie, but was also absent from the theatrical release. A trailer for the 2002 blockbuster movie Spider-Man has an entire sequence of actions primarily made involving bank robbers escaping in a helicopter caught in a giant net between two World Trade Center towers. However, after the September 11 attacks, the studio pulled him from the cinema.
One of the most famous "special" trailers is the one used for the 1960s Psycho thriller, featuring director Alfred Hitchcock who gives viewers a tour of the Bates Motel, which finally arrives at the famous bathroom. At this point, a soft-spoken Hitchcock suddenly threw the shower curtain backwards to reveal Vera Miles with a thick, bloody scream. Since the trailer was made after the movie was finished when Janet Leigh was no longer available for filming, Hitchcock told Miles not to wear a blonde wig for a quick sequence. Because the title, "Psycho", immediately covered most of the screen, the switch was unknown to the audience for years until the freeze-frame analysis clearly revealed that it was Vera Miles and not Janet Leigh in the bathroom during the trailer.
There are dozens of companies specializing in the manufacture of movie trailers in Los Angeles and New York. Trailers can be created in agencies (such as The Cimarron Group, MOJO, The Ant Farm, Ben Cain, Aspect Ratio, Flyer Entertainment, Trailer Park, Buddha Jones) while the film itself is being cut together in the studio. Because edited movies do not exist at this point, the trailer editor works from a rush or daily. Thus, the trailer may contain a recording that is not in the final movie, or the movie trailer and editor editor may use a different shoot of a particular. Other common techniques include music in trailers that do not appear on the movie soundtrack. This is almost always a requirement, since trailers and teasers were made long before the composer was even hired to get a movie score - sometimes up to a year earlier than the movie's release date - while the composers were usually the last creative people to work on film.
Some trailers that combine material not in the movie are highly coveted by collectors, especially trailers for classic movies. For example, in a trailer for Casablanca , Rick Blaine's character says, "Okay, you asked for it!" before shooting Major Strasser; this dialog line is not spoken in the last movie.
Truth vs. misleading
Over the years, there have been many instances where trailers provide a misleading representation of their films. They may give the impression that a celebrity who only has a small part in the film is one of the main cast members, or advertising a movie as a more action-packed film than that. This trick is usually done to attract a larger audience. Sometimes the trailer includes a recording instead of the movie itself. This could be an artistic option, or because the trailer was put together before the final piece of the film, but at other times it was to give the audience a different impression of the movie. Then the trailer can be misleading in a way 'for the audience itself', where general audiences usually will not see such a movie because of prejudice, and with the feed and switch, they can allow the viewer to have a nice view of an experience they would normally not have. However, the opposite is also true, with the promise of large trailers being let down by mediocre films. An American woman sued maker of Drive because their movie "failed to fulfill promo promise", even though the lawsuit was fired. In August 2016, an American lawyer attempted to sue Suicide Squad for false advertising for lack of scenes including Joker.
Composition
The trailer tells the story of the movie in a very concise way to have maximum appeal. In the decades since film marketing has become a huge industry, trailers have become a very subtle advertising part, capable of presenting even poor films in attractive light. Some common elements for many trailers are listed below. Trailers usually consist of scenes from the movie they are promoting, but sometimes contain scenes removed from the movie.
The main ambition in making the trailer is to convey a compelling story that makes the movie goers emotionally involved.
Most trailers have a three-pronged structure similar to a long movie. They begin with a beginning (action 1) that describes the story's premise. The middle (round 2) moves the story further and usually ends with a dramatic climax. Act 3 usually features a strong piece of "signature music" (either a recognizable song or a powerful and exciting orchestral song). This last act often consists of visual montage of powerful and emotional moments from the film and may also contain players if there is an important star who can help sell the movie.
Voice narratives are sometimes used to briefly set up the premise of the film and provide clarification as necessary, although this practice has declined in the years following the overthrow of artist Don LaFontaine. Because trailers are a very solid format, voice-over is a useful tool for improving viewer understanding of the plot. Some of the most famous modern voice artists of the modern era are the above-mentioned LaFontaine, Hal Douglas, Mark Elliott, John's Leader, Corey Burton, George DelHoyo, Peter Cullen, Morgan Freeman, Ashton Smith, Jim Cummings, John Garry, Tom Kane, Ben Patrick Johnson, Tony Rodgers, Beau Weaver, and Brian Cummings. The classical soundtrack artist in 1940s, 1950s and 1960s movie trailers includes Howard Strickling (for MGM), Lou Marcelle (for Warner Bros.), Art Gilmore, Knox Manning, Reed Hadley, Les Tremayne (for MGM) , Fred Foy (for MGM), Karl Weber (for MGM) and Bob Marcato. Hollywood trailers from the era of classic movies famous for cliches like "Colossal!", "Stupendous!", Etc. Some trailers have used cliched sounds for the satirical effect. This can be seen in the trailers for movies like Jerry Seinfeld's Comedian and Tenacious D at The Pick of Destiny.
Music helps set the tone and mood of the trailer. Usually the music used in the trailer is not from the movie itself (the movie score may not have been composed). The music used in the trailer may be:
- Music from other movie scores.
- Popular or famous music, often chosen for tone, lyric or lack of match, or the ability to recognize. The most commonly used is O Fortuna from Carmina Burana by Carl Orff, as well as E.S. Posthumus and Beethoven. Popular music can be selected for tones (ie hard rock for action films, lighter pop for romantic comedies), or for building contexts (eg trailers for movies arranged in the 1940s might use large band swings).
- "Library" music previously created specifically for use in advertisements by independent composers. There are many music trailer trailer companies that produce trailer music, some of the most famous are audiomachine, Two Steps From Hell, Immediate Music and X-Ray Dog or SFX and Music libraries such as those from Moss Landing, Gerrit Kinkel Productions or redCola.
- Specially composed music. One of Hollywood's most famous music trailer composers, credited with creating music sounds from contemporary trailers, is John Beal, who started printing trailers in the 1970s and, in his thirty-year career, created original music for over 2,000 movie trailer projects , including 40 best-selling films of all time, such as Star Wars, Forrest Gump, Titanic, Aladdin Braveheart , Ghost , The Last Samurai and The Matrix .
A cast run is the star list that appears in the movie. If a famous director or producer or has made other popular films, they are often mentioned. Most trailers are closed with a billing block, which is a list of major players and crew. This is the same list that appears on posters and printed publications, and also usually appears on the screen at the beginning (or end) of the movie. Production studio logos are usually displayed near the beginning of the trailer. Until the late 1970s, they were only placed at the end of the trailer or not used at all; However, Paramount Pictures was the first studio to use the actual studio logo at the beginning of its trailer in the 1940s. Often there will be a logo for the production company and distributor of the film.
Many trailers are mixed in Dolby Digital or other multichannel sound mix. The scene includes sound effects and music enhanced by stereophonic sound because it's the focal point of many modern trailers.
Trailers that precede feature films are generally presented in the same format as features, whether 35 mm film or digital format. High bandwidth internet connection allows for trailers to be distributed online at any resolution. Since the advent of Digital 3-D, it has become common for 3-D feature films preceded by one or more trailers that are also presented in 3-D.
Collection
The National Screen Service contract requires that the trailer be returned (at a cinema cost) or destroyed, but no damage proof is required and deposited in the trash is calculated. The market for trailers evolved when it became clear that some had commercial value for collectors. Many trailers for films like the Star Wars series reported as being 'crushed' are taken back from the bin and sold by the cinema staff. Because it cost about $ 60 each to make (estimated 1981) and was hired to theaters for $ 10, the loss caused the NSS to increase the rental cost, which led to a decrease in the number of trailers hired and displayed to audiences.
Some theaters also start showing a trailer trailer trailer program with no major features. Similarly, some DVDs containing nothing but movie trailers, usually from the exploitation film genre, have been produced for sale.
Other trailer types
Beginning in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and along with the development of the Internet and sites like YouTube and animation techniques, more trailer types began to be made because it was easier and cheaper to produce and show footage.
Video game trailer
Beginning in the late 1990s to early 2000s, video game trailers began to be produced as they became more mainstream. Used to lure viewers out and play games, game trailers are very useful. Content and production processes are similar to films, complicated by the need to convey how to play the game. Trailer for Alien: Colonial Marines, for example, display graphics that have higher standards than games that are eventually sold. Hideo Kojima, the creator of a game heavily influenced by Hollywood movies, edited an elaborate trailer for his own game from a special studio in his office.
TV place
TV dots are snippets for movies shown on television that are often shortened to 30-60 seconds. This trailer is similar to a green ribbon trailer and has "appropriate" content for the channel.
TV show snippet
TV show snippets are trailers that advertise new TV series, episodes, shows or marathons that appear on television. Trailers for the next episode of the TV series are often shown during or following event closing credits.
Books snippet
Books snippet is a video ad for a book that uses a technique similar to a movie trailer to promote a book and encourage readers. This trailer can also be called a "video-podcast", with a higher-quality trailer called "cinematic book trailer". They circulate on television and online in the most common digital video format. The general format of a book trailer includes actors displaying scenes from books similar to movie trailers, complete production trailers, flash videos, animations, or simple still photos that are tuned to music with text that conveys the story. This is different from the author's reading and interview, which consists of video footage of authors who tell part of their writing or are interviewed. Early book trailers consisted mostly of still images of the book, with some videos incorporating actors, with trailer John Farris's book for his 1986 novel Wildwood combining images from the book's cover along with actors like John Zacherle.
In September 2007, the School Library Journal established the Trailie Award for best book trailers. There are three categories: author/publisher created, created student and librarian/adult created. The award was announced at the School Journal Library Leadership Summit on the Future of Reading on October 22, 2010 in Chicago.
In 2014, Dan Rosen and CV Herst founded BookReels, a website dedicated to allow publishers and authors to post other book and multimedia trailers, culminating in the annual BookReels Award. BookReels lets readers search and rate snippets, post comments and reviews, join discussion groups, and share BookReel discoveries.
Fan-made footage
For popular movies, fans often create their own trailers. This is an unofficial video by fans who use movie audio or video, studio footage, animation techniques, or fan scenes that replace official trailer video.
MPAA rating card for theater trailer
The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) mandates that theatrical trailers take no more than two minutes and thirty seconds. Each major studio is given one exception to this rule per year. The internet or home video trailer has no time limit. Appraisal cards appear in the heads of trailers in the United States showing how close the trailers adhere to MPAA standards.
Green band is a green all-round graphic at the beginning of the trailer. As of April 2009, these cards indicate that they have been approved for "all audiences" and often include MPAA movie ratings. This indicates that the trailer complies with the standards for the MPAA-defined film ad, which includes restrictions on gross language and violence, sexual or inappropriate imagery. In April 2009, the MPAA began allowing the language of the green band to say that a trailer was approved for "appropriate" audiences, meaning that the material would be appropriate for audiences at theaters, based on the content of the films they visited. See. In May 2013, the MPAA changed the trailer's approval ribbon from "to the appropriate audience" to "to accompany this feature", but only when accompanying feature films; for bands that do not accompany feature films, the band's text remains the same. Fonts and text styles on graphic bands (green and red) also change when the green band is revised in 2013.
Samples that do not comply with these guidelines may issue red ribbon , indicating approval only for "restricted" or "adult" audiences. This trailer can only be shown theatrical before the R-rated, NC-17-rated movies, or no movies (only movies released in cinemas rated R and not in theaters rated PG-13). This trailer may include nudity, indecency, or other material deemed inappropriate for children.
In addition, the "yellow band" trailer was introduced around 2007 to show restricted content, only for distribution on the Internet. Although official, this practice never seems to be widespread (although occasionally there is a yellow ribbon made). A noteworthy example is the yellow ribbon trailer for Rob Zombie Halloween (2007).
Awards
Every year there are two main events that reward the fabulous movie trailer: The Key Art Awards, presented by The Hollywood Reporter, and the Golden Trailer Awards. The Golden Trailer Awards and Key Art Awards select winners in all creative sections of movie commercials, from trailers and TV spots to posters and print ads. The Golden Trailer Awards are currently expanding to add a sister event, The World Trailer Awards, to be a kickoff to the Cannes Film Festival in France, 2013. The annual Key Art Awards ceremony is often held at the Dolby Theater in Hollywood. The Film Informant also acknowledged the film marketing medium and held its first annual TFI Awards in early January 2012. The site is the first to officially begin to recognize and rate the movie marketing medium every day.
See also
- Gold Trailer Award
- Crop footer
- Snipe (plays)
- Stinger (post-credit scene)
- The teaser trailer
- Trailer music
- The list of online trailers is most viewed in the first 24 hours
References
External links
- Frame by Frame: Movie Trailer by University of Nebraska-Lincoln Film Studies Professor Wheeler Winston Dixon
- [1] trailer website Movie iTunes by Apple, Inc.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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