A sockpuppet is an online identity used for fraudulent purposes. The term, a reference to the simple hand puppet manipulation made of socks, was originally called a false identity that was assumed by members of the internet community who spoke to, or about, themselves while pretending to be someone else.
This term now includes the use of other misleading online identities, such as those created to praise, defend or support a person or organization, to manipulate public opinion, or to avoid suspension or prohibition of websites. A significant difference between the use of a pseudonym and sockpuppet production is that sockpuppet acts as an independent third party that is unaffiliated with the dalang. Sockpuppets are not preferred in many online communities and may be blocked.
Video Sockpuppet (Internet)
Histori
The term "sockpuppet" was used as early as July 9, 1993, but did not become common in the USENET group until 1996. The first Oxford English Dictionary entry was "a person whose actions are controlled by others;" minion, "with excerpts from the US News and World Report , March 27, 2000.
History of self-study under another name precedes the Internet. Walt Whitman and Anthony Burgess reviewed their book by nick. Another important example is Benjamin Franklin.
On October 21, 2013, the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) condemned sockpuppeting a paid defense on Wikipedia and, on October 23, specifically banned editing by the Wiki-PR public relations firm. In August and September 2015 WMF found another group of sockpuppets known as Orangemoody.
Maps Sockpuppet (Internet)
Type
Voicemail filler
Sockpuppets can be created during an online poll to send multiple votes to support the mastermind. The related usage is the creation of multiple identities, each supporting the view of the puppeteer in an argument, trying to position the puppeteer as representing a majority opinion and voicing opposition opinion. In the abstract theory of social networks and reputation systems, these are known as sybil attacks.
The use of false false identities such as sockpuppet is used in marketing stealth. Stealth marketers create one or more fictitious accounts, each claiming to be owned by a different enthusiastic supporter of a sponsor's product, book or ideology.
Strawman sockpuppet
Strawberry Sockpuppet is a false flag name created to make certain angles look stupid or unfavorable to generate negative sentiments against it. Strawman sockpuppets usually behave in a way that is not smart, uninformed, or fanatical and advance the argument "straw man" that can be denied by their puppeteers easily. The intended effect is to discredit a more rational argument made for the same position. Such sockpuppets behave similarly to Internet trolls.
Certain cases are attention trolls, fake aliases created by users whose point of view contradicts what sockpuppet claims. Attention troll posts on Web forums intended to express the viewpoint and try to influence the actions or opinions of the group when claiming to share their goals, but with recognized "concerns". The goal is to spread fear, uncertainty, and doubt (aka FUD) within the group.
Meatpuppet
The term "meatpuppet" (or "stuffed meat") is an online version of the shill, and is used as a descriptive description of online behavior. The term was used before the Internet gained public awareness, including references in science fiction Ursula K. Le Guin "The Diary of the Rose" (1976), alternative rock band Meat Puppets, and cyberpunk novelist William Gibson Neuromancer (1984). The Wikipedia editor uses the term to label the contributions of new community members if suspected to have been recruited by existing members to support their position. The recruited member is considered analogous to sockpuppet even though he is actually a separate individual (ie "meat") rather than a fictional creation.
However, other online sources use the term "meatpuppet" to describe sockpuppet behavior. For example, according to one of the online encyclopedias, meat puppets "publish comments on blogs, wikis and other public places about some phenomena or products to generate public interest and buzz" - that is, he is engaged in a behavior more widely known as "astroturfing." A 2006 article in The Chronicle of Higher Education defines meat puppets as "the peculiar host of the digital world - fictitious characters passed to a real person online."
Investigation sockpuppetry
A number of techniques have been developed to determine whether accounts are sockpuppets, including comparing suspected sockpuppets IP addresses and comparative analysis of sockpuppets suspected style of writing.
The legal implications of sockpuppetry in the United States
In 2008, a 49-year-old Missouri resident, Lori Drew, was sued and found guilty by a Federal court jury in connection with the creation of a MySpace account in which he claimed to be a 16-year-old boy named Josh Evans. Drew's goal is to create a relationship with Megan Meier, a 13-year-old girl who has been in conflict with Drew's daughter. After "Josh" ended the relationship with Megan, Megan committed suicide. Drew was found guilty of misrepresenting his identity in violation of the terms of the MySpace service.
Although US Los Angeles lawyers claim that this action is covered by federal computer fraud laws against "unauthorized computer access through interstate commerce," the court granted a motion by Drew to overturn the verdict. Drew successfully declared that his use of a false identity was not an unauthorized access to MySpace, citing the violation of a 1973 contract dispute in which the appeals court ruled that "fraudulent imposed consent is approved." The prosecutor appealed the court judge's decision to dispose of the guilty verdict, but later canceled his appeal.
In 2010, at People v. Golb, 50-year-old lawyer Raphael Golb was convicted on 30 criminal charges, including identity theft, criminal misconduct and aggravated harassment, for using multiple sockpuppet accounts to attack and impersonate historians whom he perceived as his father's rival Norman Golb. Golb defended his actions as a "satirical hoax" protected by the right to free speech. He was fired and sentenced to six months in prison but still free to appeal with a $ 25,000 bail.
In 2014, a Florida state circuit court declared puppet dolls to be a tortured interference with a business relationship, and gave interlocutory appeals against him during court proceedings. The court found that "the act of falsifying double identity" is a behavior that must be commanded. This explains that the behavior is false "not because the statement is false or true, but because the behavior makes the names of people who are not there to post false comments by false people to support the Defendant's position with difficulty disrupting the Plaintiff's business" and "behavior like it's basically unfair. " The court, therefore, ordered the defendants to "delete or cause to be deleted all posts creating more false impression [of one] person commenting on the actual program there." The court also found, however, that the comments of the defendants "who did not make false impressions of false patients or false employees or false persons linked to the program (posted under their respective names) are protected by the Constitution of the United States of America, First Amendment. "
Sockpuppetry example
Business promotion
In 2007, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey was found to have been posted as "Rahodeb" on the Yahoo Finance Message Board, praising his own company and predicting a frightening future for his rival, Wild Oats Markets, while hiding his relationship with the two companies. Whole Foods argues that no Mackey action is unlawful.
During the 2007 trial of Conrad Black, Hollinger International's chief executive, the prosecutor alleged that he had posted a message in the Yahoo Finance chat room using the name "nspector", attacked the short sellers and blamed them for the company's stock performance. The prosecution provides evidence of this post in a criminal trial of Black where he was convicted of mail fraud and obstruction. Posts raised at some point in the trial.
Books and movies reviews
The 2004 Amazon.com computer error revealed the names of many authors who have written reviews about their books under a pseudonym. John Rechy, who wrote the 1963 best-selling novel City of Night , is one of the famous authors whose mask is opened in this way, and has proven to have written many five-star reviews about his own work. In 2010, the Orlando Figes historian was found to have written Amazon reviews under the name "orlando-birkbeck" and "historian," praising his own books and condemning colleagues Rachel Polonsky and Robert Service. Both of Figes are prosecuted and won monetary damages. During the panel in 2012, British fiction writer Stephen Leather confessed to using a pseudonym to praise his own books, claiming that "everyone is doing it". He talks about building a "network of characters", some operated by his friends, who discuss his books and have a conversation with him directly. That same year, British crime writer RJ Ellory admitted to using pseudonymous account names to write positive reviews for each of his own novels, as well as negative reviews for two other authors.
David Manning is a fictitious film critic, made by marketing executives working for Sony Corporation to provide consistent good reviews for the release of Sony Columbia Pictures subsidiaries, which can then be cited in promotional materials.
Blog comments
The American reporter Michael Hiltzik was temporarily suspended from posting to his blog, "The Golden State," on the Los Angeles Times website after he acknowledged "posting there, as well as on other sites, under false names." He uses a pseudonym to attack conservative groups like Hugh Hewitt and LA prosecutors Patrick Frey - who finally exposes it. The Hiltzik blog at LA Times was the first blog in the newspaper. While suspended from blogging, Hiltzik continues to write regularly for newspapers.
Lee Siegel, a writer for The New Republic magazine, was suspended for defending his blog articles and comments under the username "Sprezzatura." In one such comment, "Sprezzatura" defends Siegel's bad reviews about Jon Stewart: "Siegel is brave, brilliant and prettier than Stewart."
Government Sockpuppetry
As an example of the state-sponsored Internet sockpuppetry, In 2011, a California company named Ntrepid was awarded a $ 2.76 million contract from the US Central Command for the operation of "online persona management" to create "fake online persona to influence net conversations and spread US propaganda "in Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Pashto. This activity is part of Operation Earnest Voice (OEV), the first program developed in Iraq as a psychological warfare weapon.
On September 11, 2014, a number of sockpuppet accounts reported an explosion at a chemical plant in Louisiana. The report appeared in various media, including Twitter and YouTube, but the US authorities claimed the whole event as a hoax. The information is determined by many people from the government-sponsored sockpuppet office of Russia in Saint Petersburg, called the Internet Research Agency. Russia is once again involved by the US intelligence community in 2016 for using paid trolls in US elections.
The Institute of Economic Affairs states in a 2012 paper that the British government, and the EU, fund a charity whose goal is to campaign and lobby for causing government support. In one instance, 73% of responses to government consultations were the direct result of the campaign by the suspected "doll doll" organization.
See also
References
External links
- Sock puppet in Jargon File
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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