Rugby soccer refers to the sports rugby league team and the rugby union. The Rugby Union came from Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire and the rugby league came from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire after the separation to form the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, today called the Rugby Football League. Rugby football (league and union) is one of the many versions of football played in British public schools in the 19th century. Although the rugby league initially used the rugby union rule, they are now completely separate from the sport. In addition to the two existing codes, both gridiron football codes (American football and Canadian football) have evolved from rugby football, but each has a major difference.
Video Rugby football
Form
After the 1895 split in rugby football, two rugby league forms and rugby unions differed in administration alone. Soon the rules of the rugby league were modified, resulting in two different rugby forms. After 100 years, in 1995 the rugby union joined the rugby league and most other forms of football as an open professional sport.
Maps Rugby football
History
Ancient game
The Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games, some of which involve the use of the foot. The Roman game harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a Greek team game known as "?????????" ( Episkyros ) or "????????" ( phaininda ), mentioned by the Greek playwright Antiphanes (388-311 BC) and later referred to by the Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 AD). These games seem to look like rugby football. Roman politician Cicero (106-42 BC) described the case of a man who was killed when shaved when a ball was kicked into a barber shop. The Roman ball game knew the ball filled with air, the follis. Episkyros is recognized as an early form of football by FIFA.
The creation of modern rugby
In 1871, the English clubs met to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU). In 1892, after allegations of professionalism (compensation of team members) were made against several clubs to pay players for no job, the Northern Rugby Football Union, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed. The rugby authorities are responding by issuing sanctions against clubs, players, and officials involved in the new organization. After the split, the separate clubs were named "rugby league" and "rugby union".
The global status of the rugby code
Rugby union is a professional and amateur game, and is dominated by first level guilds: Argentina, Australia, England, France, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. Second and third tier states include Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Georgia, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Kenya, Namibia, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Samoa, Spain, Tonga, USA and Uruguay. Rugby Union is managed by World Rugby (WR), headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. It is a national sport in New Zealand, Wales, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Georgia and Madagascar, and is the most popular form of rugby globally. The Olympics have recognized the seven-sided version of the game, known as the Seven Rugby, into the program from Rio de Janeiro in 2016 and beyond. There are seven chances to be a sports demonstration at the London 2012 Olympics but many sports including seven are dropped.
In Canada and the United States, the rugby union evolved into green field football. During the 1800s (and even early 1900s), the two game forms were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win a gold medal for rugby union at the 1924 Summer Olympics), but many rule changes have distinguished the gridiron-based game from his rugby counterpart. Among the unique features of the North American game is the separation of play from being down rather than releasing the ball immediately after handling, the requirement that the team with the ball be set into a set formation at least one second before continuing to play after a tackle (and allowance of up to 40 seconds to do so) allowance for one pass forward from the back of the site from the last tackle in each down, the evolution of hard plastic equipment (especially football helmets and shoulder pads), smaller and sharper balls favorable to pass but making falling kicks impractical, smaller and narrow ones measured in customary units, not metrics (in some American game variants, fields can be as short as 50 meters between end zones), and different fields (shaped like grilles, from which code nicknames are lowered) lines marked in five-yard intervals.
The Rugby League is also a professional and amateur game, managed on a global level by the International Federation of Rugby League. In addition to amateur and semi-professional competitions in the United States, Russia, Lebanon, Serbia, Europe, and Australasia, there are two major professional competitions - the Australasian Australasian and the Super League European Rugby League. The International Rugby League is dominated by Australia, the UK and New Zealand. In Papua New Guinea it is a national sport. Other countries of the South Pacific and Europe also play in the Pacific Cup and the European Cup.
Rules
Common characteristics common to both rugby codes include an oval ball and throwing the ball forward is not allowed so players can only gain ground by running with the ball or by kicking it. As rugby league sports move further than their union counterparts, rule changes are implemented with the aim of making the game faster and more experiment-oriented.
The main difference between the two games, in addition to the league that has a team of 13 players and union 15, involves tackle and aftermath:
- Player rivalry after tackling: depending on the situation, neither the commotion nor the maul can occur. The league player may not oppose ownership after tackle: play is continued with play-the-ball .
- In the league, if the team in possession fails to score before a set of six tackles, it surrenders ownership. Union does not have a six-coping rule; teams can save the ball for an unlimited number of tackles before scoring goals while retaining possession and not infringing.
The set piece of union code includes "scrum", in which the opposing player package pushes each other for ownership, and the "line-out", in which the parallel line of players of each team, is set perpendicular to the touch-line, touch. Rules have been added to the line-out that allows the jumper to be pulled down after the player's foot is on the ground.
In the league code, Scrum still exists, but with greatly reduced importance because it involves fewer players and is rarely contested. Set pieces usually start from a play-the-ball situation. Many rugby league positions have names and requirements similar to rugby union positions, but no flanker in the rugby league.
Culture
Country of origin
In England, rugby union is widely regarded as a "formation" sport, played mostly by upper and middle class members. For example, many students in public schools and grammar schools play rugby union, although the game (which had a long history played in public schools until the 1980s) became increasingly popular in comprehensive schools. Despite these stereotypes, games, especially in the West are popular among all classes. In contrast, rugby leagues are traditionally seen as working-class pursuits. Another exception to the rugby upper class stereotypes is in Wales, where traditionally associated with small village teams consisting of coal miners and other industrial workers playing on holidays. In Ireland, both rugby unions and rugby leagues are a unifying force across national and sectarian divisions, with Irish international teams representing both political entities.
In Australia, support for both codes is concentrated in New South Wales, Queensland, and Australian Capital Territory. The same perceived class barriers that exist between two matches in England also occur in these countries, fostered by excellence and rugby union support in private schools.
The exceptions above include New Zealand (although rugby league is still considered a low-class game by many or games for 'westies' refers to the lower classes of Auckland's western suburbs and more recently, south of Auckland where the game is also popular), Wales, France (except Paris), Cornwall, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Scottish Borders, County Limerick (see Munster) and the Pacific Islands, where popular rugby unions are in the working-class community. Nevertheless, the rugby league is considered a game of working-class people in northern England and in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
In the UK, rugby union enthusiasts sometimes use the term "rugger" as an alternative name for sport, (see Oxford '-er'), although this ancient expression has not had a currency since the 1950s or earlier. New Zealand refers to the rugby union only as "rugby" or "unity", or even just "football", and rugby league as "rugby league" or "league". In the US, the people who play rugby are sometimes called "robbers", a term somewhat used elsewhere except by joking.
Internationally
In France, rugby is widely played and has a strong tradition in the Basque, Occitan and Catalan regions along the border region between Spain and France. This game is very popular in South Africa, has been introduced by the English-speaking settlers in the 19th century. The British colonies also bring their games together to Australia and New Zealand, where the game is widely played. It has spread to many Polynesians, has very strong followers in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga. The Rugby Union continues to grow in America and parts of Asia as well.
Rugby Ball
The rugby ball, originally called the quanco, is a diamond-shaped sphere that is used to facilitate passing. Richard Lindon and Bernardo Solano started making balls for the Rugby school from hand sewn, four panels, skin sheaths and a swine bladder. The typical form of rugby ball is thought to be due to a pig's bladder, though the starting ball is more plumb-shaped than the oval. The ball varies in size at the beginning depending on how big the pig's bladder is.
In rugby union, World Rugby sets the size and shape of the sphere under Act 2 (also known as E.R.B); official rugby union ball made of four panels, has a line length in 280-300 millimeters, circumference (end to end) 740-770 millimeters, and circumference (width) 580-620 millimeters. It is made of leather or synthetic material that is suitable and can be treated to make it waterproof and easier to grasp. The rugby ball may not weigh more than 460 grams or less than 410 and has an air pressure of 65.71-68.75 kilopascals, or 0.67-0.70 kilograms per square centimeter, or 9.5-10.0 pounds per square inch. A spare ball is allowed under the condition that the player or team is not looking for profit by changing the ball. Smaller ball can also be used in the game between younger players. Larger versions of traditional balls are also available for purchase, but this is primarily for their new appeal.
World Cup
The Rugby World Cup, first held in New Zealand and Australia in 1987, takes place every four years. This is an international tournament organized by World Rugby. The show is played in a union format and features the top 20 teams from around the world. The current world champion is New Zealand, who won the 2015 Rugby World Cup, which is played in England.
The Rugby League World Cup was first held in France in 1954, and in 2013 occurs in a 4-year cycle. This is an international tournament organized by the International Federation of Rugby League. The show is played in a league format and features the top 14 teams from around the world. The current world champions are Australia, who won the World Cup in 2013, playing in England, Wales, France and Ireland.
Rugby Dress
Rugby shirts previously made of cotton but now made of a mixture of cotton and polyester. This material has the advantage of not absorbing water or mud as much as cotton alone. Due to the more aggressive nature of the game, rugby outfits, in general, are designed to be much stronger and wear resistant than those worn for associate football.
The rugby shirt is slightly different depending on the type of rugby game being played. T-shirts worn by rugby league players usually have a large "V" on the neck. The players in the rugby union wearing a shirt with a more traditional design, sometimes completely white (Cahors Rugby in France). The number of players and last name is placed on the back of the shirt (often mentioning the number above, with larger and larger numbers), and the team logo on the top left chest.
Rugby Bet
With the popularity of rugby over the years, many betting companies have allowed game viewers to bet on the game. Different types of bets that can be placed on the game vary, however, the main types of main bets that can be placed are as follows:
- Fixed bet-odds
- Betting Futures/Outright
- Prop/Special Bets
- Over/Under Bets
Like most team sports, the two rugby forms are vulnerable to match-fixing, particularly bets involving easily manipulated results, such as penalties and first point scorers. The latest example is a deliberate violation by Ryan Tandy in order for the first points to be scored into a penalty goal in the 2010 NRL game; the effort backfired when instead of shooting at goal, effort was printed.
References
External links
- Most Rugby's Surfaces - slideshows by Life magazine
- Videos about Rugby Basics
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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