A doula ( ), also known as birth companion, birth coach or postpartum support , is a non- medics who live together and help a woman before, during, or after childbirth, to provide emotional support and physical help if needed. They can also provide support to spouse and mother's family. Unlike midwives, doulas are not classified as medical professionals and therefore can not provide medication. Doulas are usually certified with several courses taking over a year to complete. Practical training is involved to become certified. Ongoing support during birth from someone outside the mother's family or social circle, such as Doula, is associated with a decreased mortality rate, improves overall maternal and infant health, shorter working time, reduces the risk of C-Section, and a lower need for medical intervention or pain reliever. Some doulas provide postpartum support, such as helping with household chores, cooking, and offering help to learn breastfeeding.
The main doula organizations that offer certification programs include DONA International, Childbirth International (CBI), Birth Arts International, International Doula Institute, Birthing From Within, CAPPA and Australian Doula College. Australian Doula College also trains the ultimate doula.
There are moves to encourage certification, and provide documentation about it on consumer websites like Doulas and DoulaMatch where mothers can find certified doulas, birth educators, yoga instructors, and other birth related professionals. Doulas who are not trained by formal organizations may become controversial in medical settings because of the lack of formal medical education when discussions of medical intervention in labor versus the pursuit of natural childbirth without epidural or caesarean section appear; However, the role of doula is not to offer medical advice.
Sometimes the terms doula may also refer to non-medical persons who help critical sick people.
Video Doula
History and etymology
The term doula was first used in the 1969 anthropological study conducted by Dana Raphael, a proté © of Margaret Mead, with whom he founded the Human Lactation Center in Westport, Conn. In the 1970s. Raphael suggests it is a widespread practice that a woman of the same species becomes part of childbirth, and in human society it is traditionally a role that is occupied by family members or friends whose presence contributes to long-term breastfeeding success. Raphael is derived from a modern Greek term ( ????? , doÃÆ'ºla, "slave-woman"), as told to him by an elderly Greek woman, Raphael also describes it as coming from "Aristotelian times", Ancient Greek word ????? which means "slave girl". Marshall Klaus and John Kennell, who conducted clinical trials on a doula-born medical outcome, adopted the term to refer to someone who provided labor support. The modern doula begins as an American phenomenon, but then at a certain level spills over into the Anglophone world and, after the turn of the millennium, into other First World countries.
Maps Doula
Support type
The overall purpose of the doula is for the mother to feel safe, to be informed and comfortable, to increase the role of doctors and nurses who ensure safe delivery for mothers and children. Doulas has no clinical role, task or decision-making.
Born
Doula birth is also called doula labor. The type of support provided during labor may include physical help and comfort (massage, maintain posture support or provide water), emotional support (providing company, encouragement or just talking in a calm tone), and acting as an advocate for women undergoing birth ( suggest options or support women's decisions for medical teams). Doula can also be involved during pregnancy and after birth (postpartum care).
Most of the doula-client relationships begin a few months before the baby is born. Before childbirth, the doula and family can develop a relationship in which the mother and her partner feel free to ask questions and express fear and anxiety, and where the mother can take an active part in creating a birth plan. The continuity of support by the same person is considered an important aspect of the relationship between the doula and the mother. Doulas can be found in hospitals, community-based programs as well as private practice, doula agents and can be replaced by insurance companies or out-of-pocket by clients. Since insurance companies do not usually bear the cost of hiring a doula, they are more popular among middle and upper class parents.
Postpartum
Postpartum Doula provides home education and support support in the first few weeks and months after childbirth or after adding a baby to the family. The same doula often provides birth and postpartum services. They provide emotional support and companionship by encouraging a mother when she may feel overwhelmed. Other workers providing similar services are maternity nurses, newborn care specialists, and, historically, monthly nurses.
antepartum
An antepartum doula provides help and support to a mother who has slept in bed or has a high-risk pregnancy. Emotional, physical and practical support can be given by antepartum doula in these situations.
More
The term "death doula" has also been used for practitioners who care for critically ill elderly adults in geriatric care, and during death.
Medical aspects
Ongoing support during delivery provided by doula (along with groups such as nurses, midwives, other hospital staff, partners, family or friends) has been associated with better outcomes for mothers and children. There are studies to support the beneficial effects of doula on the health of the mother and newborn or infant, including shorter labor, fewer cesarean section and complications, less drug use and fetal extraction tool, less time in the neonatal intensive care unit, psychological positive for mothers, more satisfying birth experience, and increased breastfeeding. Cross-country research on the effects of doula on child birth and postnatal care is complicated by the various settings, culture and medical systems of each country and patient characteristics. These benefits seem to depend on doulas that provide ongoing and uninterrupted relief, have some medical training and on specific social and cultural settings where their services are provided. Women who are poorly educated, low incomes, fewer preparations for childbirth and those without social support may experience greater benefits of doula treatment than other groups.
Although the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have no official position on the doula, during an ACOG chair interview of the academy committee on midwifery practice Sarah Kilpatrick, stated while doulas can help, there are some who try to "disturb the medical aspects." delivery. "In March 2014, ACOG issued a Consensus Statement entitled" Prevention Safe for Primary Cesarean Delivery "where it said," Improving women's access to nonmedical interventions during labor, such as sustained labor support, has also been shown to reduce caesarean delivery rates.. "Doula provides information about medicines or medical interventions during childbirth and helps families decide whether the practice is in accordance with the wishes of family births such as those who decide to undergo epidurals or do not do natural childbirth.Doulas act outside the role of social support and advocacy by providing medical advice , practicing outside the scope of their practice can act as traditional baby shamans.
Training and certification
Lack of standardization and doula supervision, with many organizations providing various courses with different requirements. There is no certification or training process that is formally recognized or universally recognized, and anyone can call themselves a doula. No academic credentials such as a college or university diploma, or equivalent secondary school is required.
Being a doula does not specifically require medical training, though it is not uncommon to receive doulas certification or medical training. In North America, training generally takes the form of seminars of two to three days, and some experiences with childbirth. Training participants can practice hands-on with various techniques used during labor, including mother's position and movement, relaxation and breathing exercises and other measures that can be used for comfort. Certification can occur through organizations at various levels (local, national or international) and some require a positive evaluation of medical professionals. Certification may also require, in addition to attending training courses, time spent working or learning about maternity care and birthing classes and possibly written exams. Some doulas train through distance education. Research also supports the effectiveness of female friends or relatives, after minimal training, as a low cost alternative to professional doula.
Disputes between doctors, nurses and doulas have been described as "grass battles", although it is also recognized that doulas and nurses may occupy complementary roles that provide opportunities for mutual learning and assistance. Some hospitals have established an internal doula training program to reduce conflicts between doulas and medical staff.
See also
- Birth attendant
- Midwife
References
Further reading
-
Klaus, MH; Kennell JH; Klaus PH (2002). Doula Books: How A Trained Worker Companion Can Help You Have a Shorter, Easier, and Healthier Birth . Da Capo Press. ISBN: 0738206091.
External links
- Videos about the doula from the University of Wisconsin Medical School and Public Health
- Dana Raphael. "The Growing Role of Doula". Human Lactation Center . Retrieved January 17, 2017 .
00:08, 12 Januari 2018 (UTC)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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