Volkswagen Golf ( listen Ã, ) is a small family car manufactured by the German manufacturer Volkswagen since 1974, marketed in worldwide in seven generations, in various body configurations and under various nameplates - such as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada (Mk1 and Mk5), and as Volkswagen Caribe in Mexico (Mk1).
The original Mk1 Golf is a front-wheel drive, front-engine drive for rear-wheel drive, back-rear, Volkswagen Beetle. Historically, Golf is the best-selling Volkswagen model and the second best-selling model in the world, with over 29 million built in 2012.
Initially, most of the Golf production is in a 3-door hatchback style. Other variants include the 5-door hatchback, the station wagon (Variant, from 1993), convertibles (Cabriolet and Cabrio, 1979-2002, Cabriolet, 2011-present), and the derived Golf sedan notchback, a variety called Volkswagen Jetta, Volkswagen Vento (from 1992) or Volkswagen Bora (from 1999). Cars have filled many market segments, from the base of private cars, to high-performance hot hatches.
Volkswagen Golf has won many awards throughout its history. Golf won the World Car of the Year in 2009, with Volkswagen Golf Mk6 and in 2013 with Volkswagen Golf Mk7. The Golf is one of only three cars, the other is Renault Clio and Opel/Vauxhall Astra, has been selected as European Car of the Year twice, in 1992 and 2013. Volkswagen Golf has made Cars and Drivers > 10 annual Best list several times. The Golf Mk 7 won the Best Motor Trend of the Year award 2015, and the Mk1 GTI also won the award in 1985.
Video Volkswagen Golf
Generasi pertama (MK1/A1, Typ 17; 1974-1983)
In May 1974, Volkswagen introduced the first-generation Golf as a modern front-wheel drive, a long-range replacement for the Volkswagen Beetle. Then Golf variations include Golf GTI (introduced in June 1976 with a 1.6 liter engine fuel injection capable of 180 km/h (110 mph)), diesel-powered version (from September 1976), salch version of Jetta notchback (from October 1979) Volkswagen Golf Cabriolet (from January 1980) and Golf-based pickup, Volkswagen Caddy.
Golf Mk1 is sold as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada and as Volkswagen Caribe in Mexico.
The facelift version of Golf Mk1 was produced in South Africa as Citi Golf from 1984 to 2009.
the second generation (MK2/A2, Typ 19E/1G; 1983-1991)
September 1983 saw the introduction of the second generation Golf (Mk2) that grew slightly in terms of wheelbase, exterior and interior dimensions, while retaining, in a more rounded shape, the overall look of Mk1. Although available in the domestic market and indeed most other left-hand drive markets by the end of 1983, it was not launched in the UK until March 1984.
The GTI Mk2 features an 8-valve 8-liter fuel injection engine from its launch, with a 16-valve version capable of reaching more than 220 km/h (140 mph) introduced in 1985.
In 1985, the first Golf with four-wheel-drive (Golf Syncro) went on sale with the same Syncro four-wheel drive system used on the supercharged G60 model, released exclusively on the continent in 1989 with 120 kW (160 hp). , 160 PS) and anti-lock brakes (ABS).
The second generation Jetta-based Mk2 was unveiled in January 1984. There is no MK2-based cabriolet model; instead, Cabriolet Mk1 is passed on to the entire production of Mk2.
Maps Volkswagen Golf
Third generation (MK3/A3, Typ 1H/1E/1V ; 1991-1997)
The third generation Golf (Mk3) made its domestic market but in August 1991 and again grew slightly compared to its predecessor, while the wheelbase remained unchanged.
The new engine includes the first Turbocharged Direct Injection (TD) diesel engine in Golf, and a narrow-angle 2.8-liter VR6 engine. Estimated US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fuel consumption is 9.0 L/100 km (31 mpg -imp ; 26 mpg -US ) (city) and 7, 4 L/100 km (38 mpg -imp ; 32 mpg -US ) (highway), with 420 km (261 mi) per tank (city) and 584 km (363 mi) per tank (highway). For the first time, a Golf Variant joined the line-up in September 1993 (although most markets did not accept this model until early 1994). At the same time, a recently introduced Mk3 Cabriolet was introduced, replacing a 13-year-old Mk1 version based on the Mk3 Golf platform from 1995 to early 1999. Mk3 Golf Cabrio received a Mk4-style facelift in late 1999 and continued through 2002.
The notchback version, called VW Vento (or Jetta in North America), was presented in January 1992.
This is the European Car of the Year for 1992, ahead of the new model of Opel Astra Citro â € žn ZX and General Motors.
Mk3 continues to be sold until 1999 in the United States, Canada and parts of South America, also in Mexico as a special edition called "Mi" (basically a 4-door CL Golf with additional air conditioning, special interiors, original equipment (OEM) black, and anti-lock brakes (ABS), but without factory-installed radios). "I" in "Mi" is red, indicating that the multi-point fuel injection is equipped and the 1.8 liter engine is upgraded to 2.0 liters.
Fourth generation (MK4/A4, Typ 1J; 1997-2003)
The Golf Mk4 was first introduced in August 1997, followed by a notchback version (VW Bora or, in North America, VW Jetta again) in August 1998 and the new Golf Variant (estate) in March 1999. No Cabriolet comes from Mk4, although Mk3 Cabriolet received a facelift in late 1999 consisting of bumpers, grill and headlights similar to the Mark IV model.
Like the previous three versions of Golf, the UK market received each version several months later from the rest of Europe. The hatchback version was launched there in spring 1998 and the plantation was about 12 months later (around the same time as Bora).
New high-performance models including the R32 RR-driven R32 dual-engined VR6 Golf were introduced in 2002, its predecessor, the VR6 "Golf V6 4Motion" (replacing the 2.9-liter "Golf VR6 Syncro" Mk3) and 1.8T (turbo) 4 famous cylinders are used in various models of Volkswagen Group.
In 2008, certain variants of Golf/Bora Mk4 were still produced in Brazil, China, and Mexico. The revised version of Mk4 sold in Canada is marketed as the City of Golf and the City of Jetta from 2007 to 2010. Both models are VW Canada entry-level offerings. They received significant refreshment for the 2008 model year, including revised headlights, taillamps, front and rear fascias, sound systems, and wheels. Both models were offered only with a four-cylinder four-liter gasoline engine engine, 8-valve single over-head (SOHC), rated at 86 kW (115 hp, 117 PS). They are the only beginner-level offer with an optional six-speed automatic transmission. Production of the European variant of the Mk4 Golf stopped at the end of the 2003 model year. US version production ended in 2006.
When the Chinese market Bora received a facelift in July 2006, Golf also, became "Bora HS" in the process.
The popularity of Mk4 and low cost has enabled it to remain manufactured in several countries, including Brazil and Argentina, with slight cosmetic changes.
The fifth generation (MK5/A5, Typ 1K; (2003-2008)
The Golf Mk5 was introduced in Europe in the fall of 2003, reaching the UK market in early 2004. In North America, Volkswagen brought back the nameplate Rabbit when it introduced vehicles in 2006. In Canada, Golf is still the usual nameplate of the fifth generation (though Rabbit and Golf both have been used historically). The North American basic model is powered by a 2.5-liter five-cylinder engine, which produced 112 kW (150 hp, 152 PS) in 2006 and 2007, but was upgraded to 127 kW (170 hp, 173 PS) on subsequent models.. The GTI version is powered by a turbocharged version of the 2.0 liter TFSI engine, producing 147 kW (197 hp, 200 PS).
Volkswagen also introduced the "Fast" marketing idea for the US market, "dedicated to the 'fast' that lives inside every driver". The driver who bought the new GTI Mk5 from a dealer shipped the Fast (plastic sculpture) model, which uses GTI-like features. The GTI version is the only version sold in Mexico.
The sedan/sedan version, again called Volkswagen Jetta in most markets, is assembled in Germany, South Africa, and Mexico. (In Mexico this car is known as Bora.) Followed in 2004 by new Golf Variant. The front end of the car is the same, with the only difference being that GLI is a sedan, while the GTI is a hatchback.
Then the Mk5 model introduces a 1.4 liter turbocharged TSI gasoline engine with front wheel drive.
In a comparison test conducted by Car and Driver magazine, Volkswagen Rabbit S was named the winner among eight small cars. While it was praised for its excellent driving position, good instruments, and powerful engines, it was criticized for having high street noise levels, uncomfortable chairs, and poor fuel economy. In fact, the final verdict states, "This one is about driving pleasure, so this wins." Rabbits were also placed first in their final comparison in December 2006.
Golf Plus
Golf Plus was also introduced in 2004. This is a slightly larger version of the Mk5 Golf with a higher roofline.
Golf GTI W12
In 2007, VW built a concept car based on the Mk5 Golf featuring a 6.0 liter W12 engine from Bentley Continental GT with a Volkswagen Phaeton gearbox. The engine is twin-turbocharged and tuned to provide an additional 150 kW (200 hp, 200 PS), delivering 478 kW (641 hp, 650 PS). Volkswagen claims that the car can accelerate from 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) in 3.7 seconds. Golf GTI W12 is a rear-wheel drive, using a six-speed automatic gearbox. The body is widely modified to carry the engine, widened and rear spoiler to improve handling. The W12 engine is placed in the center of the car to increase the grip of the car.
The sixth generation (MK6/A6, Typ 5K; 2008-2012)
Volkswagen bases the Golf Mk6 on the existing PQ35 platform from Golf Mk5. This vehicle debuted at the Paris Motor Show 2008.
The Mk6 Golf was designed by principal designer Volkswagen Walter de'Silva. The design is said to be more aerodynamic, helping fuel efficiency, and more quiet than its predecessor. Following criticism of the interior trim quality derived from Mk5 Golf compared to Mk4, Volkswagen chose to overhaul the interior to match the quality with Mk4 Golf, while maintaining the same user friendliness of Mk5. This car is also cheaper to build than its predecessor; Volkswagen claims that the consequences will be able to bypass this savings to customers.
The Mk6 Jetta was released in Mexico in mid-2010, and by the end of 2011 it is available in all markets. Direct Injection turbocharged diesel engines that use common rail injection technology replace the long-standing Injector Pumpe DÃÆ'¼se (PD) system. New on the Golf is an optional Adaptive Volkswagen Chassis Control (not available in the North American market), allowing drivers to choose between 'normal', 'comfort' and 'sport' modes, which will vary the appropriate suspension, steering and accelerator behavior.
Mk6 Golf is available with 5- and 6-speed manual transmissions, and a choice of Direct or Shift Gearbox (DSG) 6- or 7-speed transmission (with Dual Clutch). In North America, the Mk5 version was originally sold as a Rabbit from 2006 to 2009. In 2010, Volkswagen brought back the Golf nameplate with a mid-cycle refresh. With it comes 130 kW (170 hp, 180 PS), 2.5 liter 5 cylinder in line with 240Ã,  ° C torque and 2.0 liter, 100-kW (130 hp, 140 PS) turbocharged inline 4-cylinder inline clean diesel engine producing 320Ã, torque, NM (236Ã, lbÃ,  · ft). The GTI version is equipped with a 157-kW TSI gas turbocharged inline engine (211Ã, hp; 213Ã, PS), while the R Golf has an inline 4 TFSI engine with a capacity of 191 kW (256Ã, hp, 260Ã, PS) turbocharged. All three of these engines can be paired with a 6 speed DSG dual-clutch automatic transmission or 6-speed manual transmission in either 3 or 5-door configurations.
The car was introduced for sale in the UK in January 2009, and in North America in October 2009 as a 2010 Golf, not a Rabbit. The Mk6 also reintroduces diesel engine options to the North American market.
Volkswagen Golf Mk6 is Safety Insurance for Highway Safety (IIHS) 2012.
Seventh Generation (MK7/MQB, Typ 5G; 2012-present)
Seventh-generation golf has dà © à © but at the end of 2012 at the Paris Motor Show.
The Golf VII , Typ 5G using the new MQB platform, shared with the third generation Audi A3, SEAT LeÃÆ'³n and? Koda Octavia. It's slightly larger than the Mk6 while managing about 100 kg lighter, depending on the choice of machine. The GTI will offer a 1.4 liter (205 hp, 209 PS) 2.0 liter four liter turbocharged with a performance package available to boost output to 162 kW (217 hp, 220 PS). The Golf R now has a 218-kW (292 hp, 296 PS) turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder with Haldex Traction all-wheel-drive
The GTI version dubbed GTI Clubsport makes 195Ã, kW (261 hp, 265 PS) released in 2016. The Clubsport variant called Clubsport S holds the record for the fastest front-wheel-drive car around the NÃÆ'¼rburgring, until the Honda Civic Type-R 2017 takes record once more.
Golf links are available on all relevant drive systems: Golf TSI, including GTI, gasoline-powered; TDI diesel (Turbo Direct Injection) golf, including GTD, is diesel-powered; TGI Golf is powered by compressed natural gas (CNG); e-golf is powered by electricity; and Golf GTE is a plug-in hybrid. The use of modular transverse matrix assembly kits enables the creation of Golf models with gasoline, diesel, natural gas, electric and hybrid drives from bumpers to bumpers at the Volkswagen plant.
In November 2016, Volkswagen revealed a facelift version (Golf 7.5) to a 3-door hatchback, 5-door hatchback, 5-door estate, GTI and GTE, in addition to the new "R-Line" Golf. With this model, there is a new economical engine: the 1.5 liter TSI EVO that produces 97 kW (130 hp, 132 PS) or 110 kW (150 hp, 150 PS) and replaces the 1.4 liter TSI. The updated GTI version now has 230 hp as standard (220 hp before) or 247 hp in an optional performance package (230 hp before). In terms of interior technology, Golf now has a 12.3 "TFT display as an option similar to the Audi model and is known as" Virtual Cockpit ", full LED lights, an animated tail indicator as an option (also used in Audi models), etc.
The most powerful Volkswagen Golf available is the R, which offers 306hp (228kW) by a 2.0L (1984cc) turbocharged 4L cylinder engine. Golf R is limited to 155mph, but when restricted, it can reach more than 165mph. With the DSG gearbox selected, Golf R can reach 0-60 time of 4.8 seconds - however, external tests have drawn a 0-60 time as low as 4.4 seconds.
The electric version
VW Golf has had several generations made into an electric model CityStromer . The first was in the 1970s, when VW took the standard Golf Mk1 and turned it into electric power. At the time of Mk2 Golf began to produce, a number of electric Golf is made, using lead-acid battery packs and motors and specially made controllers. VW continues with the production of CityStromer electric cars in limited quantities by introducing Golf Mk3. CityStromer Mk3 power supply includes Siemens air-conditioning driven system, and a lead-acid battery pack. They have a maximum speed of 97 km/h (60 mph) and a range of about 80 km (50 mi). With a few exceptions, only the Left drive Golf is converted by VW into a Citystromer model. This vehicle is still in use today and has popularity in mainland Europe with only a few prizes in the UK. Only two right Mk2 CityStromers drives are built for the UK market and are believed to be the only one left today. It is owned by EV advocate and broadcaster Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield, host of Transport Evolved.
Golf Variant Twin Drive
As part of the "Fleet study in electric mobility" project that began in 2008, VW developed 20 Golf Variant twinDRIVE plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The research vehicle has a total power range of 57 km (35 mi) and the internal combustion engine provides a total range of 900 km (560 mi). The plug-in hybrid drive from TwinDRIVE Golf Variant is equipped with 11.2 kWh or 13.2 kWh lithium-ion batteries, as Volkswagen is testing packages from two vendors. Ten vehicles are equipped with batteries from American-German GAIA manufacturers with a type of nickel cobalt cobalt aluminum dioxide (NCA) cathode. The other ten are powered by lithium-ion batteries with nickel cobalt manganese cobalt (NMC) from the German-German joint venture SB LiMotive (Samsung and Bosch). These 10 vehicles have been in use since early 2011. Both battery systems offer high power and energy density. They each weigh about 150 kg. Gasoline engines are used to support electric heating systems when outdoor temperatures are low.
Using guidance to determine hybrid plug-in fuel consumption, VW estimates fuel consumption of 2.1 L/100 km (112 mpg US), which is equivalent to 49 g/km CO2. When the battery is fully charged, the Golf Variant twinDRIVE is designed to maximize the portion of pure electric energy used for driving, and only when further distances are pushed, part of the increase in petrol fuel will increase. The top speed of this car is 170 kilometers per hour (110 mph) and accelerates to 100 km/h in less than 12 seconds. When operated in pure electric mode, Golf Variant twinDRIVE can reach a top speed of 120 kilometers per hour (75 mph).
The production version is expected to be based on Mk6 Golf featuring turbodiesel engine 1.5 and L electric motor, with an estimated arrival date of 2015. SEAT LeÃÆ'³n prototype with Twin Drive system is also under development.
Volkswagen e-Golf
The concept of blue-e-motion Golf has a range of 150 km (93 mi). Volkswagen scheduled a field test program with 500 units starting in 2011. The first 10 units started field testing at Wolfsburg in May 2011. A second series of 80 test cars began to be tested in June 2011 in Berlin, Hannover and Wolfsburg. In February 2012, the first e-Golf, as the production version was renamed, was delivered in Belmont, California. A total of 20 e-Golf will be allocated to the U.S. field testing program.
The blue-emotion Golf concept has a 26.5 kWh lithium-ion battery pack and is powered by an 85 kW electric motor that drives the front wheels through a single speed transmission. It will speed up to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 11.8 seconds and has a top speed of 138 km/h (86 mph). Paddle shifter is used to adjust the amount of regenerative braking. The PRNDL sticks of the vehicle have an additional mode 'B' as found in some other electric vehicles to set regenerative braking efforts to the maximum for sustained downhill travel.
- Production version
Production version from 2015 Volkswagen e-Golf was launched at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. According to VW, e-Golf has a practical range of 130 to 190 km (81 to 118 mi), with an official NEDC cycle of 190 km (120 mi), and an estimated winter range of 80 to 120 Â °. km (50 to 75Ã, mi). E-Golf 2015 has an official EPA that has all the power range of 134 km (83 mi), and a combined fuel economy of 116 miles per liter of gasoline equivalent (MPGe) for energy consumption of 29 kW-hours/100 mi. EPA ratings for city driving are 126 MPGe and 105 MPGe on the highway. Production of vehicles intended for retail customers begins in March 2014.
In February 2017, Volkswagen announced the latest version of the e-Golf model of 2017 that includes improved range, better fuel economy, and more power than the outgoing model. With the new 35.8 kWh lithium-ion battery, the upgraded car is said to reach the estimated EPA range of 144 to 201 km (89 to 125 mi), and has 119 MPGe combined. The 2017 e-Golf also provides faster charging times; SE and SEL trim levels Premium has a 7.2 kW unit that allows the battery to fully charge in less than six hours at a 240V charging station. There is an optional Quick Fill DC feature (standard on SEL Premium) that allows the car to charge up to 80% in just one hour at a DC fast charging station.
- Market and sales
On February 14, 2014, Volkswagen launched e-Golf sales in Germany, with prices ranging from EUR34,900 (~ US $ 47,800 ). On March 11, 2014, Volkswagen opened reservations for e-Golf in the UK, and announced the price of GBÃ, Â £ 30,845 . UK shipments begin at the end of June.
In Norway, e-Golf becomes available for pre-orders on February 25, 2014 for delivery in June 2014. More than 1,300 cars are booked on the same day. Until March 3, 2014, nearly 2,000 cars have been booked before. Prices range from 251,800 kr (~ US $ 42.000 ) to basic models up to 302,000 kr (~ US $ 50,000 ) with all available options, comparable to the cheapest petrol and diesel models. The basic package includes optional equipment in other countries, such as DAB radio receivers, heated front seats and heated windshield. VW e-Golf is the best-selling plug-in electric car in July 2014 with 391 units sold and representing 34.4% of Golf nameplate sales (1,136), which is Norway's best-selling new car that month. E-Golf was again the best-selling electric car in August 2014 with 467 units sold, representing 43.4% of the month's golf signboard sales (1,075). In two months and a half a total of 925 Volkswagen e-Golf cars have been sold in Norway, surpassing the sale of Tesla Model S which delivers 805 units during the first two months on the Norwegian market. European sales reached 3,328 units in 2014.
In April 2014, Volkswagen announced that the US version of e-Golf 2015 will not have liquid-cooled battery packs because rigorous testing shows high ambient temperatures do not affect battery performance. US sales are scheduled to start in selected markets in November 2014 with prices for the Premium SEL model starting US $ 35,445 before applicable government incentives, plus US $ 820 destinations and shipments. However, the first shipment of e-Golf actually took place on October 31 in California. During November 2014, the first full month of vehicle sales, Volkswagen of America sold 119 units, and a total of 357 units were sold until December 2014. In January 2015, e-Golf began appearing at dealerships throughout the Northeast.
Sales in Europe reached 11,214 units by 2015. E-Golf, with 8,943 units sold, is the best-selling plug-in electric car in Norway by 2015, representing 34.7% of plug-in segment sales, ahead of Tesla Model S (4,039 ) and Nissan Leaf (3.189). The e-Golf variant represents 54.6% of VW Golf's total new sales in Norway by 2015. By December 2015, a total of 19,131 units have been sold worldwide, with 14,542 in Europe and 4,589 units in the US.
Volkswagen Golf GTE
The GTE Golf is a plug-in hybrid version of the Golf hatchback that was launched at the Geneva Motor Show 2014. The Golf GTE shares basic powertrain devices with Audi A3 Sportback e-tron but the software controls are different. GTE Golf also shares the same plug-in hybrid powertrain as the Volkswagen Passat GTE, but Passat has a larger 9.9 kWh Li-ion battery.
The GTE is powered by a 1.4 liter direct injection gasoline engine (148Ã, hp, 110Ã, kW), combined with a 75 kW electric motor powered by an 8.8 kWh lithium-ion battery, enabling plug-in hybrids to deliver 50 km (31 mi ) and a total coverage of 933 km (580 mi). All power mode can be activated by just pressing a button. Under the New European Driving Cycle, the combined fuel economy is 1.50 L/100 km (157 mpg -US ) equivalent. GTE Golf has a top speed of 217 km/h (135 mph) and accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 7.6 seconds.
The release of GTE to retail customers is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2014. The first unit was registered in Germany in August 2014. The GTE Golf, with 1,695 units sold, is the best-selling plug-in hybrid in France by 2015, representing 30.3% of segment sales. With 17,300 units sold in Europe by 2015, Golf GTE is ranked as a plug-in hybrid for the second sale after Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (31.214). According to JATO Dynamics, a total of 18,397 units have been registered in Europe by December 2015.
Motorsport
In auto racing, APR Motorsport has led two MKV VW GTI to victory in the Grand-Am KONI Sports Car Challenge Street Tuner (ST) class.
Golf TCR and Golf GTi TCR
Volkswagen Motorsport, the motorsport division of the brand, builds TCR touring golf cars by 2015 for use in various international and national competitions using TCR rules. In 2016 the car was renewed and renamed to Golf GTi TCR.
Volkswagen's emissions scandal
Volkswagen Golfs is one of the models included in the Volkswagen emission scandal in September 2015 in which Volkswagen manufactures and installs in their diesel vehicles a software program that manipulates vehicle emissions control during testing, thus breaking various state regulations. This program causes the output of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) to meet US standards during regulatory testing but emits up to 40 times as much NO x in real-world driving.
Awards and acknowledgments
- The Mk3 Golf won the European Car Award in 1992.
- In April 2010 Kelley Blue Book includes VW Golf TDI (clean diesel) among the Top 10 Green Cars for 2010.
- The Golf Mk7 has been named "The All The Car You Needed for This Year 2012" by Top Gear (magazine).
- The Mk7 Golf won this year's European Car Award in 2013 for the second time.
- The Mk7 Golf won the World Car of the Year 2013 award.
- Volkswagen Golf has been selected as the Car of the Year Japan 2013-2014, becoming the first award-winning imported car made in 1980.
- All Volkswagen Golf Mk7 lines, including 1.8T, TDI Clean Diesel Golf, Golf GTI and e-Golf model, are named 2015 Motor Trend Car of the Year.
- Golf GTI Mk7 wins 2015 Yahoo! Car Award This Year.
- South African Car of the Year 2010
See also
- Platform Volkswagen Group A
- VDub
- List of Volkswagen Group gasoline engines
- List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines
- List of discontinued Volkswagen Group gasoline
- List of suspended Volkswagen Group diesel engines
- Hot hatch
- Volkswagen Wolfsburg Factory
References
External links
- Volkswagen Golf Website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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