A tap (also tap or faucet : see variation of use) is a valve that controls the release of liquids or gases.
Video Tap (valve)
Nomenclature
British Isles
- Tap is used in the British Isles and most Commonwealth for each type of valve daily, especially equipment that controls water supply to the tub and sinks.
AS
- Faucet is the most common term in the US, similarly used for "tapping" in English English.
- Spigot is used by professionals in trade (such as plumbers), and usually refers to outdoor equipment.
- Silcock (and sillcock ), just like "spigot", refers to "chicken" (as in stopcock and petcock) that pierce the runway.
- Bib ( bibcock , and bib hose ), just like "spigot".
- Hydrant wall , just like "spigot"
- Tap generally refers to a beer tap, although it also appears as a descriptors in "tap water" (ie water purified for domestic use).
Maps Tap (valve)
Type
Liquid
Water for baths, sinks and basins can be provided with separate hot and cold taps; this arrangement is common in older installations, especially in public toilets/toilets and utility/laundry rooms. In the kitchen and bathroom, mixer taps are usually used. In this case, the hot and cold water of the two valves is mixed before it reaches the outlet, allowing water to appear at any temperature between hot and cold water supply. Tap mixer was created by Thomas Campbell of Saint John, New Brunswick, and patented in 1880.
For bathing and bathing, mixer taps often incorporate a kind of pressure balancing feature so that the hot/cold mix ratio will not be affected by temporary changes at the pressure of one or another of the supplies. This helps to avoid boiling or uncomfortable as other water loads occur (such as flushing toilets). Instead of two separate valves, the mixer tap often uses one, more complex, single handle mixer controlled valve ( single handle mixer ). The handle moves up and down to control the amount of water flow and from side to side to control the water temperature. Especially for baths and showers, the latest design is a thermostatic mixer valve that performs this using a built-in thermostat, and can be either mechanical or electronic. There is also a faucet with colored LEDs to show the water temperature.
If a separate tap is installed, it may not be immediately clear which hot and cold taps are. Hot water taps generally have a red indicator while a cold tap generally has a blue or green indicator. In the United States, taps are often labeled with either "H" or "C". In countries with Roman, the letters "C" for heat and "F" for cold use (from the French "chaud"/Italian "caldo"/spanish "caliente" and "froid"/italian " freddo "/spanish" frio "(cold)). This can cause confusion for English speaking visitors. The mixer taps may have a blue-red or arrow line indicating which side will give you hot and cold.
In most countries, there is a standard setting of hot/cold taps. For example, in the United States and many other countries, hot taps are on the left by building code requirements. Many installations exist where these standards have been ignored (called "cross connections" by the plumber). Mis-assembly of some single-valve mixer taps will exchange heat and cold even if the fixture has been snapped correctly.
Most handles at home are tied to a valve shaft with screws, but in many commercial and industrial applications they are equipped with removable keys called "loose locks", "water locks", or "sillcock keys", which have square and square- ends to shut off and on water; "loose lock" can be removed to prevent rioters from lighting water. Before the "loose lock" is found, it is common for some masters or caregivers to remove the faucet grip, which has teeth that will meet the gears on the valve shaft. This dental and dental system is still used in most modern taps. "Loose lock" can also be found outdoors to prevent passers-by from using it.
PDAMs are usually connected to a water supply by using a "rotary dial", which is attached to the end of a water pipe using soldered or compressed fittings, and has a large nut to connect to the "tail" threaded from a tap, which hangs beneath the bathtub, or sink. A fiber washer (which expands when wet, helps the seal) is used between the connector and the tail of the tap. Tap tap is usually 1 / 2 Ã, "or 12 mm in diameter for sink and 3 /< sub> 4 Ã, "or 19Ã,mm for bathing, although the European continent sometimes uses 3 / 8 "Size (still imperial) The same connection method is used for ballcock.
The term tap is widely used to describe valves used to dispose beer from barrels, whether gravity or pressurized feed.
Gas
A gas bucket is a special form of ball valve used in residential, commercial, and laboratory applications for rough control of fuel gas discharges (such as natural gas, coal gas, and syngas). Like all ball valves, the handle will align with the gas line when it is open and perpendicular when closed, making it easier to visual identification of its status.
Physics
The water and gas faucet has an adjustable flow: the gate valve is more progressive; Rugged ball valves, commonly used in on-off applications. Enables the valve knob to adjust the flow by varying the aperture of the control device in the valve assembly. The result when opened in any degree is the flow stagnant. Its speed does not depend on the viscosity or temperature of the liquid or gas in the pipe, and depends only weakly on the supply pressure, resulting in a stable flow rate at the given setting. In the intermediate flow setting, the pressure on the valve restriction drops almost zero from the Venturi effect; in tap water, this causes the water to boil briefly at room temperature as it passes through the restriction. Bubble forms cold water vapor and collapses on the restriction, causing a familiar hissing sound. At very low flow settings, the water viscosity becomes important and the pressure drop (and hissing hiss) disappears; at full flow arrangement, the drag parasite in the pipe becomes important and the water returns to calm.
Mechanism
The first screws tap mechanism was patented and manufactured by the brass founders Rotherham, Guest and Chrimes in 1845. Most older taps use soft rubber or neoprene washers screwed down to the valve seat to stop the flow. This is called a "globe valve" in the technique and, while it provides a good leak-proof seal and flow adjustment, both rubber washers and valve seating are worn (and for seats, also corrosion) over time, so in the end nothing a tight seal that forms in a closed position, resulting in a leaking faucet. The washing machine can be replaced and the valve seat reappears (at least several times), but the globe valve is never maintenance free.
Also, the S-shaped path that winding the water is forced to follow offers significant obstruction to the flow. For high-pressure domestic water systems, this is not a problem, but for low pressure systems where important flow rates, such as showerheads fed by storage tanks, "stop tap" or, in technical terms, "gate valves" are preferred.
The gate valves use metal disks of the same diameter as the pipe is screwed into place perpendicular to the flow, cutting it. There are no obstacles to flow when the tap is fully open, but this type of faucet rarely gives a perfect seal when it is closed. In England this type of faucet usually has a wheel-shaped handle rather than a crutch handle or a roller.
Conical valves or ball valves are another alternative. This is usually found as a service breaker valve in a more expensive water system and is usually found in gas taps (and, incidentally, the barrel tap beer mentioned above). They can be identified by their range of motion - just 90 Â ° - between completely open and closed. Usually, when the handle is in line with the pipe, the valve is open, and when the handle across the pipe is closed. A conical valve consists of a shallow conical cone in a tight socket placed along the liquid stream. In UK England this is usually known as a taper-plug cock. A ball valve uses a round ball instead. In either case, the hole through the cone or sphere allows the liquid to pass if it is lined with openings in the socket through which the liquid enters and leaves; rotate the cone using the handle to rotate the passage away, presenting a liquid with an unbroken cone surface that can not be passed. These types of valves use cylinders rather than cones that are occasionally encountered, but using cones allows for strict conformity to be made even with moderate manufacturing tolerances. The ball in the ball valve spins in a plastic chair.
The handheld infrared sensor replaces the standard valve. Two-way mixing or controlled thermostatically controlled electronic jetting valves are used in industrial applications to automatically deliver fluids as needed.
Foot-controlled valves are installed in the laboratory and health/hospital care, as well as in industrial settings where the very dirty taps that operate the hands can leave residue on them.
Modern taps often have an aerator at the end to help conserve water and reduce water splashes. Without the aerator, water usually flows out of the faucet in a large stream. An aerator spreading the flow of water to many small droplets.
Modern bathrooms and kitchen faucets often use ceramic or plastic surfaces that glide onto a ceramic surface or a plastic spring washer. This tends to require far less maintenance than traditional world valves and when maintenance is required, all of the inside of the valve is usually replaced, often as a pre-assembled cartridge .
Of the three manufacturers in North America, Moen and American Standard use cartridges (Moen being O-ring based, American Standard's being ceramic), while Delta uses a rubber chair facing the cartridge. Each design has its advantages: Moen cartridges tend to be the easiest to find, American Standard cartridges have an almost unlimited age in sediment-free urban water, and Delta rubber seats tend to most easily inhale sediment in well water.
Backflow prevention
Most US jurisdictions now require the bibcocks to have a vacuum stop or a counter-current preventer, so water can not come back through the tap from the hose. This prevents contamination of buildings or public water systems if there is a decrease in pressure. In the UK, water regulations require double check valves; this is often incorporated in the body of the tap itself.
ASME A112 Standard on Pipeline Materials and Equipment
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes several Standards on plumbing. Some of them:
- ASME A112.6.3 - Channels and Traps
- ASME A112.6.4 - Roof Channels, Deck, and Balcony Water Channel
- ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 - Pipe Supply Equipment
- ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2 - Enamelled Cast Iron and Enamelled Steel Pipe Fittings
- ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 - Ceramic Pipe Fittings
See also
References
External links
- Related media by Tap on Wikimedia Commons
- Definition of dictionary faucet in Wiktionary
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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