Psychological pain , mentally ill , or emotional pain is an unpleasant feeling (suffering) from a psychological, non-physical origin. A pioneer in the field of suicidology, Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as "how much you are hurt as a human being.This is mental suffering, mental torture." There is no shortage in many cases of psychological pain referenced, and using different words usually reflects an emphasis on certain aspects of the life of the mind. Technical terms include algopsychalia and psychalgia , but it can also be called mental illness, emotional pain, psychic pain, social pain, spiritual or mental pain, or suffering. While this is certainly not an equivalent term, a systematic comparison of theories and models of psychological pain, psychic pain, emotional pain, and suffering conclude that each describes the same very unpleasant feelings. Psychological pain is believed to be the inevitable aspect of human existence.
Another description of psychological pain is "subjective experiences characterized as conscious of negative change in self and in function accompanied by negative feelings", "subjective experiences are diffuse... distinguished from physical pain that is often localized and related to physical stimulation dangerous ", and" perennial, unsustainable, and unpleasant feelings resulting from negative judgments of incompetence or lack of self. "
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The 'psychological' adjectives are considered to include the functioning of beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, which can be seen as indicative for many sources of psychological pain. One way to classify these various sources of pain is offered by Shneidman, who states that psychological pain is caused by frustrated psychological needs. For example, the need for love, autonomy, affiliation, and accomplishment, or the need to avoid danger, shame, and shame. Psychological needs were originally described by Henry Murray in 1938 as a necessity that motivated human behavior. Shneidman argues that people judge the importance of each need differently, explaining why the psychological level of the person's pain differs when faced with the same frustration needs. This perspective requires coinciding with the description of Patrick David Wall about the physical pain that says that physical pain shows the needs of a country far more than a sensory experience.
In the field of social psychology and personality psychology, the term social pain is used to indicate the psychological pain caused by danger or threat to social connections; feelings of mourning, shame, embarrassment and hurt are subtypes of social pain. From an evolutionary perspective, psychological pain forces the assessment of actual or potential social problems that can reduce the appropriateness of individuals to survival. The way we display our psychological psychological pain (eg, weeping, shouting, moaning) serves the purpose to show that we need.
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Emotional disorders of borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has long been believed to be a psychiatric disorder that produces the most intense emotional pain, suffering, and sadness in those who suffer with this condition. Research has shown that border patients experience significant and chronic emotional distress and mental anguish. Borderline patients may feel overwhelmed by negative emotions, experience deep sadness instead of sadness, shame and humiliation, instead of a mild embarrassment, anger, rather than irritation and panic, rather than nervousness. People with BPD are very sensitive to feelings of rejection, isolation and perceived failure. Both physicians and laypeople have witnessed desperate attempts to escape from the patients' subjective inner experiences. Borderline patients are very impulsive and their efforts to alleviate suffering are often highly destructive or self-destructive. Suicidal ideas, suicide attempts, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), self-harm (cutting, overdose, etc.), compulsive expenses, gambling, sex addiction, violent and aggressive behavior, sexual intercourse and deviant sexual behavior, trying to escape. The intrapsychic pain experienced by those diagnosed with BPD has been studied and compared with normal healthy control and to others suffering from severe depression, bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, other personality disorders, and other conditions. The incredibly painful inner experience of border patients is unique and confusing. In clinical populations, the suicide rate of patients with a personality disorder of the threshold is estimated at 10%, a much greater rate than the general population and still much greater than for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, since 60-70% of patients with borderline personality disorder attempt suicide attempts, attempts at suicide fail far more often than suicide completed in patients with impaired personality thresholds.
Intense dysphoric conditions in which patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) persist regularly differentiate them from those suffering from other personality disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and almost all known Axis I and Axis II conditions. In one study, twenty-five dysphoric states (mostly affected) were found to be significantly more common among patient limits than controls. Twenty-five other dysphoric states (mostly cognition) were found to be significantly more common among patient limits than controls and very specific for borderline personality disorder. These countries tend to fall into one of four groups: (1) extreme feelings, (2) destructive or self-destructive, (3) fragmentation or "without identity", and (4) victimization. In addition, three of the more specific 25 countries (feeling betrayed, such as self-harm, and completely out of control), when they occur together, are strongly associated with boundary diagnoses. Equally important, overall the Dysphoric Affect Scale score correctly distinguishes borderline personality disorders from other personality disorders and mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety disorders in 84% of subjects. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the patient's subjective pain limit may be more pervasive and more multifaceted than previously recognized, and that the overall "amplitude" (or intensity) of this pain may be an excellent marker for boundary diagnosis.
Nervous mechanism
Research shows that physical pain and psychological pain can share some of the underlying neurological mechanisms. The areas of the brain consistently found to be involved in both types of pain are the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex (several subregions more than others), and may extend to other areas as well. Areas of the brain that are also found to be involved in psychological pain include the insular cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the thalamus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. Some argue that, since the same part of the brain is involved in physical pain and psychological pain, we must see pain as a series that ranges from pure physical to pure psychological. In addition, many sources mention the fact that we use the metaphor of physical pain to refer to the experience of psychological pain. Further connection between physical and psychological pain has been supported through evidence that acetaminophen, analgesic, may suppress activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and the insular cortex when social exclusion, in the same way that suppresses activity when experiencing physical pain.
Treatment
Research has shown that the use of paracetamol analgesics for several weeks reduces the neural responses to threats of meaning, such as thinking about death, and reducing the agitation of people with dementia. However, the use of paracetamol for more general psychological pain is debatable.
Many religious traditions, such as the Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism, have sought or succeeded in providing care of psychological suffering. Meditation has mental health benefits. The most common form of meditation practice is consciousness, but a breath-focused exercise is also used to overcome the stresses and anxieties associated with emotional pain, reducing physiological symptoms.
See also
- Psychogenic pain
- Psychological trauma
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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