Good Neighbor policy

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Good Neighbor policy is the foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt against Latin America. Although the policy was adopted by the Roosevelt administration, President Woodrow Wilson had previously used the term - but then proceeded to attack Mexico. Senator Henry Clay had coined the term "Good Neighbor" in the previous century.

The main principle of policy is the principle of non-intervention and non-interference in Latin American domestic affairs. It also reinforces the idea that the United States will be a "good neighbor" and engage in mutual exchange with Latin American countries. Overall, Roosevelt's administration expects that this new policy will create new economic opportunities in the form of reciprocal trade agreements and reaffirm the influence of the United States in Latin America; However, many Latin American governments are not convinced.

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States periodically intervened militarily in Latin American countries to protect its interests, especially the commercial interests of the American business community. After Roosevelt Corollary in 1904, whenever the United States felt that its debts were not paid quickly, the interests of its citizens were threatened, or access to natural resources was hampered, military intervention or threats were often used to force their respective governments into obedience. This left many Latin Americans wary of the US presence in their territory and then growing animosity toward the United States.

Maps Good Neighbor policy

Roosevelt Administration

Policy

In an attempt to denounce the US intervention in the past and subdue Latin America's subsequent fear, Roosevelt announced on March 4, 1933, during his inaugural address, "In the field of World policy, I will dedicate this country to neighboring good policies. firmly honoring himself and, as he does so, respecting the rights of others, neighbors who respect his duty and honor the sanctity of his covenant in and with his neighbor's World. "To create friendly relations between the United States and Central as well as the countries of South America, Roosevelt sought to diverge from confirms military strength in the region. This position was affirmed by Cordell Hull, Secretary of State Roosevelt at a conference of American states in Montevideo in December 1933. Hull said: "No country has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of others." Roosevelt then confirmed the policy in December of the same year: "The United States' definitive policy from now on is against armed intervention."

Impact

Neighbors Policy Both ended the US Marines occupation of Nicaragua in 1933 and the occupation of Haiti in 1934, led to the cancellation of the Platt Amendment by the Treaty of Relations with Cuba in 1934, and the compensation negotiations for the Mexican nationalization of foreign-owned oil assets in 1938.

The United States Marine Commission contracted Moore-McCormack Lines to operate the "Good Neighbor Fleet" of ten cargo ships and three recent ocean vessels installed between the United States and South America. The passenger liner is SSA California in Panama Pacific Line, Virginia and Pennsylvania . Moore-McCormack requested that they renew and name their SS Uruguay , Brazil and Argentina for their new route between New York and Buenos Aires through Rio de Janeiro, Santos and Montevideo.

The policy seeks to redefine the way America views Latin Americans, while at the same time maintaining a half-ball unity. To achieve this, Roosevelt created the Office for the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA) in August 1940 and appointed Nelson Rockefeller to head the organization. The OCIAA is essentially a propaganda tool used by the United States to define Latin American society, as they feel. A division within the OCIAA, the Picture Motion Division, headed by John Hay Whitney, with the ultimate goal of eliminating Latin America's existing stereotypes prevalent throughout American society. Whitney is convinced of "the power that Hollywood movies can play in a two-pronged campaign to win the hearts and minds of Latin Americans and to convince Americans about the benefits of Pan-American friendship." To achieve this, Whitney urged film studios to employ Latin Americans and produce films that placed Latin America in a favorable light. Furthermore, he urged filmmakers to refrain from producing films that perpetuate negative stereotypes. Historically, Latin Americans are subtly described as lazy, backward and suspicious. One of the movie stars that emerged at the time was Carmen Miranda. Used as a product to promote positive hemispheric relations, the films, including The Gang's All Here, explicitly promote Good Neighbor's policies. Also, the cultural impact of the policy includes the launching of the Radio Viva AmÃƒ Â© rica and Hello Americans programs of CBS Radio and Walt Disney film Saludos Amigos (< 1942). ) and The Three Caballeros (1944).

At the end of World War II, Latin America, according to a historian, the world's most supportive areas of American foreign policy.

1939 World's Fair

The 1939 New York World Exhibition is a place to promote neighborly relations between the United States and Latin America. Placed against a background of growing Nazi threats, the World Fair is an attempt to escape the prospect of war and to promote peace and interdependence among nations. With a fair boast in over 60 countries, with some coming from Latin America, it is a place to redefine negative Latin American stereotypes. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Pan American Union are all represented at the World Exhibition. Every country takes the opportunity to showcase their country and make it more attractive to people around the world, especially in the United States. In their efforts to raise cultural awareness in the World's Fair, every country promotes tourism, and seeks to compare itself to the United States in an effort to attract Americans.

Legacy

The Good Neighbor Policy Era ended with the rise of the Cold War in 1945, when the United States felt there was a greater need to protect the Western Hemisphere from Soviet influence. The change is contrary to Good Neighbor Policy's fundamental principles of non-intervention and brings a new wave of US involvement in Latin American affairs. Until the end of the Cold War the United States directly or indirectly attacked all suspected socialist or nationalist movements in the hope of ending the spread of Soviet influence. US interventions in this era included the overthrow of the CIA by Guatemalan President Jacobo ÃƒÆ' rbenz in 1954, the CIA-backed CIA-Defeated Invasion of 1961, the subversion of the CIA of Chilean President Salvador Allende in 1970-73, Operation Charly in Central America, Condor in South America, and subversion of the CIA from the Nicaraguan Sandinista government from about 1981 to 1990.

After World War II, the Organization of American States was founded in 1949. However, the United States began to shift its focus to helping and rebuilding efforts in Europe and Japan. These US efforts largely ignore Latin American countries, although US investors and businessmen do have some shares in countries in the South. In the late 1950s, the United States strengthened ties with Latin America, launched the Inter-American Development Bank and then the Alliance for Progress. However, in the late 1960s, as part of the Cold War, the US government supported the right-wing dictatorship with Operation Condor. Also, in the context of the War on Drugs, the United States government has worked with local governments to fight cartels, for example with the Colombian Plan and the MÃ©rida Initiative.