convenience objects , transitional objects , or security blankets are items used to provide psychological comfort, especially in unusual or unique situations, or bedtime for children. Among toddlers, soothing objects can be blankets, stuffed animals, or favorite toys, and can be called by a nickname.
Video Comfort object
In child psychology
In the development of childhood, the term transitional object is usually used. It is something, usually a physical thing, that replaces mother-child bonds. Common examples include dolls, teddy bears or blankets.
Donald Woods Winnicott introduces the concept of "transitional objects" and "transitional experiences" that refer to a particular sequence of development. With "transitions", Winnicott means a developmental phase between psychic and external reality. In this "transition space" we can find "transitional objects".
When young people begin to separate "I" from "not-me" and evolve from full dependence to the stage of relative independence, it uses transitional objects. Babies see themselves and the mother as a whole. In this phase the mother "brings the world" to the infant without delay which gives her a "moment of illusion," the belief that her own desire creates her desire object that brings a sense of satisfaction. Winnicott calls this subjective omnipotence. Along with the subjective omnipotence of a child, there is an objective reality, which is the child's awareness of the separation between himself and the desired object. While the experience of subjective omnipotence is one in which the child feels that his desire creates satisfaction, the experience of objective reality is one in which the child independently seeks the object of desire.
Then the child realizes that his mother is a separate entity, which tells the child that they have lost something. Children realize that they are dependent on others, thus losing the idea that they are independent. This awareness creates a difficult period and brings frustration and anxiety with it. The mother is not always there to "bring the world" to her baby, a consciousness that has a strong, somewhat painful, but ultimately constructive effect on the child. Through fantasizing about the object of his desire, the child will find comfort. Transition objects can be used in this process. Transitional objects are often the first "not me" property that actually belongs to the child. It can be a real object like a blanket or a teddy bear, but other "objects", such as melodies or words, can fulfill this role as well. This object represents all components of "motherhood", and that means that the child himself is able to create what he needs as well. This allows the child to have a bond fantasize with the mother as she gradually splits up for longer periods of time. Transitional objects are important during sleep and as defense against anxiety.
In the next stage of development, the child no longer needs transitional objects. He is able to make the difference between "I" and "no-I", and remains inside and outside separate and yet interlinked. This development leads to the use of illusions, symbols and objects later in life.
Winnicott links the concept of transitional objects to a more general, transitional phenomenon, which he considers the basis of science, religion, and all cultures. Transitional objects and phenomena, he says, are neither subjective nor objective but partake of both. In the Mental Space , Robert Young has given exposition of these concepts and has generalized their role into psychic phenomena in adult life.
Research with children about this was done at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee by Richard H. Passman and colleagues. Among other findings, they show that security blankets are given the right names - they actually provide security to the children attached to them. Along with other positive benefits, having a security blanket available can help children adapt to new situations, assist in their learning, and adapt to the evaluation of clinical psychologists and doctors. Passman's research also shows that there is nothing abnormal about being attached to them. In the United States, about 60% of children have at least some attachment to the security object.
Maps Comfort object
Comfort object for therapeutic use
Emergency vehicles and police patrol cars are sometimes equipped with toy dolls, to be given to victims who are involved in a traumatic accident or shock and give them comfort.
Often charities will provide soothing items such as blankets and blankets for disaster victims.
After the September 11 attacks, Marita Sturken wrote on History Tourists, the Oklahoma City National Memorial sent six hundred teddy bears and then the state of Oklahoma sent sixty thousand stuffed animals to New York, distributed to children at affected schools of 9/11, family support organizations, and New York fire stations. "
Use by adult
Adults can also use comfortable objects. Many adults regard the comfort provided by security blankets as important for their mental and emotional health. According to a 2011 survey by Travelodge, about 35 percent of British adults are still sleeping with teddy bears.
The idea of ​​a convenience object can be extended to include representations of one's family, home, and culture. This is important for the person and provides psychological strength and help by representing their emotional attachment. These objects may include photos, memorabilia, musical notes or even works of art made with family members. With the increasing movement away from home and consistent movements from one place to another for employment or immigration, it is very common for people to carry these items with them. People may see these objects for emotional support during the transition period, such as assimilating into new areas or when experiencing significant trauma or loss.
Inventor Richard Kopelle created My Therapy Buddy (MTB) in 2002 as a self-described transitional object to benefit "one's emotional well-being". The blue creature speaks to you when you press it and says some phrases that include "everything will be fine." The discovery was rejected in the first season of American Inventor , but later became semi-finalist in the second season. In a 2008 study, Sony AIBO robotic pets were found to reduce loneliness in elderly people in nursing homes.
Cross-cultural use
Researchers have observed that the incidence of attachment behavior to inanimate matter differs depending on the culture in which the baby is raised. It is recommended that the infant's attachment to inanimate objects will be less frequent in communities where the infant can spend most of the day in close contact with his mother. In particular, in Western countries the object of attachment is indeed found common, with the rate reaching as high as 60%. In a study conducted by Michael Hong, it was found that about 50% of American children and only about 20% of Korean children develop attachments on blankets or equivalent types of primary transition objects. A similar study by Renata Gaddini found that about 30% of Italian urban children and only 5% of rural Italian children develop attachment to comfortable objects. Interpretation of several studies indicates that the practice of raising a child affects both the incidence of infant attachment in inanimate objects and possibly the choice of an attachment object.
In popular culture
The term security blanket was popularized on the Peanuts comic strip created by Charles M. Schulz, who provided such a blanket for his character Linus van Pelt. Linus called it "a blanket of security and happiness", in Good Grief, More Peanuts printed in 1956. However, the concept of comfort blanket existed before Peanuts . In the November 1954 Review Writer article, the author of "Bev" wrote of his daughter: "Security blanket, my one-year-old son, when he finds a fluffy quilt or a fleece coat, he presses his cheek. against it and sucking his thumb. "Since 1920, the blanket is clipped to a sleeping baby to prevent them getting out of bed and keeping their body closed dubbed" security blanket fasteners ".
In the book the Giver , "entertaining object" is used as a term to refer to all stuffed animals. Comfort objects are described as "imaginary creatures with funny names" because the utopian community in which the book takes place has no animals.
See also
References
Further reading
- Abram, J. (1996). Winnicott language. Dictionary of Words of Use Winnicott, Karnac Books, London
- Dell'Orto, S. (2003). W.D. Winnicott and transitional objects in infancy. Pediatric Medicine Chirurgic 25 (2), 106-112.
- Mitchell, S. A., Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and so on: History of modern psychoanalytic thinking. New York: Basic Book.
- Passman, R. H. (1977). Provides an attachment object to facilitate learning and reduce distress: Effects of the mother and security blanket. Developmental Psychology , 13, 25-28.
- Passman, R. H. (1987). Attachment of inanimate objects: Are the children who have a security blanket unsafe? Journal of Clinical Consultation and Psychology , 55, 825-830.
- Passman, R. H., & amp; Halonen, J. S. (1979). A developmental survey of the attachment of young people to inanimate objects. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 134, 165-178.
- Passman, R. H., & amp; Lautmann, L. A. (1982). Effect of father, mother, and safety on the responsiveness of small children during projective testing. Journal of Consultancy and Clinical Psychology , 50, 310-312.
- Winnicott, D.W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena - a study of my first non-ownership. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis , 34, 89-97.
- Winnicott, D.W. (1971). Main and Reality, Routledge, London.
- Young, R. M. (1989). 'Transitional phenomenon: production and consumption', in B. Richards, ed., Crisis of Self: Further Essay on Psychoanalysis and Politics. London: Free Association Books, p. 57-72.
- Young, R. M. (1994). Mental Space. London: The Press Process.
- The Comfort of Their Creatures, People, and Security by Barbara Collopy O'Halloran and Photographed by Betty Udesen.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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